حرف صحیح |
IPA | Examples |
b
|
buy, cab |
d
|
dye, cad, do |
ð
|
thy, breathe, father |
dʒ
|
giant, badge, jam |
f
|
fan, caff, phi |
ɡ
(ɡ)[1] |
guy, bag |
h
|
high, ahead |
j
[2] |
yes, hallelujah |
k
|
sky, crack |
l
|
lie, sly, gal
|
m
|
my, smile, cam |
n
|
nigh, snide, can |
ŋ
|
sang, sink, singer |
θ
|
thigh, math |
p
|
pie, spy, cap
|
r[3]
|
rye, try, very |
s
|
sigh, mass |
ʃ
|
shy, cash, emotion |
t
|
tie, sty, cat, atom
|
tʃ
|
china, catch |
v
|
vie, have
|
w
|
wye, swine |
hw
|
why[4] |
z
|
zoo, has |
ʒ
|
equation, pleasure, vision, beige[5] |
Marginal consonants |
Script error: The function "link" does not exist.
|
ugh, loch, Chanukah[6] |
ʔ
|
uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/ |
|
Optional sounds |
IPA | Examples |
ᵗs
|
tsunami (/t/ is frequently dropped) |
ʃⁱ
|
nasturtium (/i/ is frequently dropped) |
|
Vowels |
IPA | Full vowels | IPA | ... followed by R[7] |
ɑː
|
palm, father, bra |
ɑr
|
start, bard, barn, snarl, star (= /ɑːr/) |
ɒ
|
lot, pod, John[8] |
ɒr
|
moral, forage |
æ
|
trap, pad, shall, ban[9][10] |
ær
|
barrow, marry[11] |
aɪ
|
price, ride, file, fine, pie[12] |
aɪər
|
Ireland, hire (= /aɪr/) |
aɪ.ər
|
higher, buyer[13] |
aʊ
|
mouth, loud, foul, down, how |
aʊər
|
flour (= /aʊr/) |
aʊ.ər
|
flower[13] |
ɛ
|
dress, bet, fell, men[14] |
ɛr
|
error, merry[14] |
eɪ
|
face, made, fail, vein, pay |
ɛər
|
square, mare, scarce, cairn, Mary (= /eɪr/)[15] |
eɪ.ər
|
layer (one who lays)[13] |
ɪ
|
kit, lid, fill, bin |
ɪr
|
mirror, Sirius |
iː
|
fleece, seed, feel, mean, sea |
ɪər
|
near, beard, fierce, serious (= /iːr/)[16] |
iː.ər
|
freer |
ɔː
|
thought, Maud, dawn, fall, straw[17] |
ɔr
|
north, born, war, Laura (= /ɔːr/)[18][19] |
ɔː.ər
|
sawer |
ɔɪ
|
choice, void, foil, coin, boy |
ɔɪər
|
loir (= /ɔɪr/) |
ɔɪ.ər
|
employer[13] |
oʊ
|
goat, code, foal, bone, go[20] |
ɔər
|
force, more, boar, oral (= /oʊr/)[18][19] |
oʊ.ər
|
mower |
ʊ
|
foot, good, full, woman |
ʊr
|
courier |
uː
|
goose, food, fool, soon, chew, do |
ʊər
|
boor, moor, tourist (= /uːr/)[18][19] |
uː.ər
|
truer |
juː
|
cued, cute, mule, tune, queue, you[21] |
jʊər
|
cure (= /juːr/) |
juː.ər
|
fewer |
ʌ
|
strut, bud, dull, gun[22] |
ɜr
|
nurse, word, girl, fern, furry |
ʌr
|
borough, hurry[23] |
Variable vowels |
aː
|
bath, dance, laugh (either ɑː or æ) |
ɒː
|
cloth, office, wrong (either ɒ or ɔː) |
i
|
happy, serious[24] (either ɪ or iː) |
u
|
bedroom, roof, situation (either ʊ or uː) |
Reduced vowels |
ə
|
Rosa’s, a mission, quiet, focus |
ər
|
letter, perceive |
ɨ
|
roses, emission[25] (either ɪ or ə) |
ʉ
|
beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ])[26] (either ʊ or ə) |
ɵ
|
omission[27] (either oʊ or ə) |
əl
|
bottle (either əl or l̩) |
ən
|
button (either ən or n̩) |
əm
|
rhythm (either əm or m̩) |
|
Stress |
Syllabification |
IPA | Examples |
IPA | Examples |
ˈ
|
intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,[28] battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[29] |
.
|
moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/ ونڈہوک /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/ Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/ Mikey /ˈmaɪki/, Myki /ˈmaɪ.kiː/[30] |
ˌ
|
|