نيو يارڪ سٽي
آمريڪا جي رياست نيويارڪ جو صدر مقام ۽ وڏو شھر From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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نيو يارڪ شھر (New York City) يا مختصر طور تي "NYC" يا "NY"، آمريڪا جو آبادي ۽ پکيڙ ۾ سڀ کان وڏو شھر آھي،[3] جنھن جي آبادي سال 2018ع ۾ 83,98,748 ھئي.[4] ھي شھر لڳ ڀڳ 302.6 چورس ميل (784 km2) جي پکيڙ تي ڦهليل آهي.[5][6] اھو آمريڪا جو سڀ کان گھاٽي آبادي وارو شھر پڻ آهي.[7]
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ھي شھر دنيا جي سڀ کان وڏو ميٽروپوليٽن آهي[9] ۽ دنيا جي سڀ کان وڏن آبادي وارن شھرن مان ھڪ آھي،[10][11] جنھن جي آبادي سال 2018ع جي آدمشماري ۾ 1,99,79,477 ھئي. ھن کي دنيا جي معاشي طاقت وارو شھر پڻ چوندا آهن ۽ ھي الفا شھرن ۾ شامل آھي.[12] ھن کي ثقافتي شھر پڻ چوندا آهن،[13][14][15][16][17] وال اسٽريٽ (Wall Street)[18][19] آمريڪا جو مالياتي ۽ نيو يارڪ شھر جو ميڊيا جو عالمي مرڪز آھي.[20][21] نيو يارڪ واپار، تفريح، تحقيق، تعليم، ٽيڪنالاجي، سياست، سياحت، فن، فيشن ۽ راندين تي اھم اثر رکندڙ شھر آھي.[22][23][24][25] ھي شھر گڏيل قومن جي صدر مقام جو گهر پڻ آهي.[26] ھي شھر بين الاقوامي سفارتڪاري جو پڻ مرڪز آھي.[27][28] ھن شھر جي بندرگاھه، نيويارڪ ھاربر دنيا جي وڏي ۾ وڏي قدرتي بندرگاھه آھي.[29][30]
1.مين ھيٽن
2.بروڪلين
3.ڪئينس
4.برونڪس
5.اسٽيٽن ٻيٽ
ھي شھر پنج ضلعن يا ڪائونٽين تي مشتمل آهي. [31] جن جا نالا؛ بروڪلين، ڪئينس، مين ھيٽن، برونڪس ۽ اسٽيٽن ٻيٽ آھن جيڪي سال 1898ع ۾ ملائي ھڪ شھر ۾ تبديل ڪيا ويا.[32] دنيا ۾ ارب پتي ماڻھن جو شھر سڏجندڙ ھي نيويارڪ سال 1624ع ۾ ھيٺين مينھٽن واري جاء تي "ڊچ ريپلڪ" جي ڪالوني ٺاھيندڙن قائم ڪيو ويو ۽ سال 1626ع ۾ کيس "نيو ايمسٽرڊم" جو نالو ڏنو ويو.[33] سال 1664ع ۾ اھو شھر ۽ ان جي چوڌاري واقع علائقا انگريزن جي قبضي ۾ آيا ۽ ان وقت جي برطانيا جي بادشاھه، چارلس ٻئين اھو علائقو پنھنجي ڀاءُ جيمز ٻئين، ڊيوڪ آف يارڪ کي ڏئي ڇڏيو جنھن ان شھر کي نيويارڪ جو نئون نالو ڏنو.[34] سال 1785ع کان 1790ع تائين ھي شھر آمريڪا جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ پڻ رھيو.[35] ۽ سال 1790ع کان وٺي ھي شھر ملڪ جو سڀ کان وڏو شھر رھندو آيو آھي.[36] اوڻويھين ۽ ويھين صديءَ ۾ ھتي لکين ماڻھو لڏي آيا.[37] ھن شھر ۾ لڳل مجسمو، "اسٽيچو آف لبرٽي" دنيا ۾ ملڪ جي امن ۽ آزادي جي ھڪ سڃاڻپ آهي.[38]
وال اسٽريٽ، مالي ضلعي، مئنهٽن ۾ بيٺل، نيو يارڪ شهر کي دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو مالياتي ۽ فن ٽيڪ سينٽر ۽ دنيا جو سڀ کان وڌيڪ اقتصادي طور تي طاقتور شهر بڻائي ٿو. سال 2022ع تائين، نيو يارڪ ميٽروپوليٽن علائقو دنيا جي سڀ کان وڏي ميٽروپوليٽن معيشت آهي، جنهن جي مجموعي ميٽروپوليٽن پيداوار 2.16 ٽريلين آمريڪي ڊالر کان وڌيڪ آهي. نيو يارڪ ميٽروپوليٽن علائقي جي معيشت دنيا جي سڀني نون ملڪن کان وڏي آهي. چوويهه ڪلاڪ تيز ٽرانزٽ سسٽم هجڻ جي باوجود، نيو يارڪ شهري گاڏين جي ٽريفڪ جام ۾ دنيا جي اڳواڻي پڻ ڪري ٿو. هي شهر دنيا جي، انهن جي لسٽ ڪيل ڪمپنين جي مارڪيٽ سرمائيداري ذريعي، ٻن وڏين اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج؛ نيو يارڪ اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج (NYSE) ۽ نئسڊڪ (NASDAQ) جو گهر آهي. نيو يارڪ شهر عالمي سيڙپڪارن لاءِ قائم ڪيل محفوظ جنت آهي. سال 2023ع تائين، نيو يارڪ شھر، غير ملڪين لاءِ ۽ وڏي فرق سان ملڪ جي ڪنهن به شهر جي رهائشي ڪرائي جي لحاظ کان، دنيا جو سڀ کان مهانگو شهر تي آهي ۽ پنجين ايونيو دنيا جي سڀ کان مهانگي شاپنگ اسٽريٽ آهي. نيو يارڪ شهر هڪ اهم فرق سان ارب پتي ماڻهن جي وڏي تعداد ۾، انتهائي اعليٰ خالص ماليت (ٽي ڪروڙ آمريڪي ڊالر کان وڌيڪ) ۽ دنيا جي ڪنهن به شهر کان وڏو ارب پتي ماڻهن جو گهر آهي.
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نالو
پڻ ڏسو: Nicknames of New York City
سال 1664ع ۾، نيويارڪ جو نالو ڊيوڪ آف يارڪ (بعد ۾ انگلينڊ جي بادشاهه جيمس ٻين) جي اعزاز ۾ رکيو ويو. [39] جيمس جو وڏو ڀاءُ، بادشاهه چارلس ٻيون، کيس نيو هالينڊ جي اڳوڻي علائقي جو مالڪ مقرر ڪيو، جنهن ۾ نيو ايمسٽرڊم جو شهر به شامل هو، جڏهن انگلينڊ جي بادشاهت ان کي ڊچ (ولنديزين) جي قبضي کان وٺي ڇڏيو.[40]
تاريخ
- اصل مضمون/مضمونن جي لاءِ ڏسو History of New York City ۽ Timeline of New York City
وڌيڪ ڏسو: History of Manhattan, Timeline of Brooklyn , Timeline of Queens, Timeline of the Bronx, ۽ Timeline of Staten Island
شروعاتي تاريخ
- اصل مضمون جي لاءِ ڏسو نيو يارڪ جي تاريخ (ماقبل تاريخ کان 1664ع تائين)
پري-ڪولمبين دور ۾، اڄوڪي نيو يارڪ شهر جو علائقو Algonquians، جنهن ۾ Lenape به شامل هو، آباد هو. سندن وطن، جنهن کي Lenapehoking جي نالي سان سڃاتو وڃي ٿو، ان ۾ اسٽيٽن ٻيٽ، منهٽن، برونڪس، لانگ آئلينڊ جو الهندو حصو (بشمول بروڪلن ۽ ڪوئنز)، ۽ لوئر هڊسن وادي شامل آهن. نيو يارڪ هاربر ۾ پهريون دستاويزي دورو هڪ يورپين طرفان 1524 ۾ دريافت ڪندڙ Giovanni da Verrazzano پاران ڪيو ويو. هن فرانس لاءِ علائقي جي دعويٰ ڪئي ۽ ان جو نالو Nouvelle Angoulême رکيو. هڪ اسپيني مهم، جنهن جي اڳواڻي پورچوگالي ڪپتان ايسٽيو گومز ڪري رهيو هو، جيڪو شهنشاهه چارلس پنجين لاءِ سفر ڪري رهيو هو، جنوري 1525ع ۾ نيويارڪ هاربر تي پهتو ۽ هڊسن نديءَ جي وات جو نقشو چٽيو، جنهن جو نالو هن ريو ڊي سان انتونيو رکيو. 1609 ۾، انگريز محقق هينري هڊسن نيو يارڪ هاربر کي ٻيهر دريافت ڪيو، جڏهن ڊچ ايسٽ انڊيا ڪمپني لاء اتر اولهه طرف اوڀر طرف ڳولي رهيا هئا. هن ٻيڙيءَ تي چڙهيو، جنهن کي ڊچ نارٿ ريور (هاڻي هڊسن درياهه) سڏين ٿا، جنهن جو نالو هڊسن پهريون ڀيرو ماريشس جي نالي پٺيان موريس، پرنس آف نارنگي رکيو. هڊسن هن علائقي تي ڊچ ايسٽ انڊيا ڪمپنيءَ جي دعويٰ ڪئي. 1614 ۾، ڪيپ ڪوڊ ۽ ڊيلويئر بي جي وچ واري علائقي کي هالينڊ پاران دعوي ڪيو ويو ۽ نييو-نيدرلينڊ سڏيو ويو. نيو يارڪ شهر جو پهريون غير-آمريڪي رهواسي جوآن روڊريگيز هو، جيڪو سينٽو ڊومنگو جو هڪ واپاري هو، جيڪو 1613-14 جي سياري دوران منهٽن ۾ پهتو.
the pre-Columbian era, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by Algonquians, including the Lenape. Their homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included the present-day areas of Staten Island, Manhattan, the Bronx, the western portion of Long Island (including Brooklyn and Queens), and the Lower Hudson Valley.[41]
The first documented visit into New York Harbor by a European was in 1524 by explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano.[42] He claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême (New Angoulême).[43] A Spanish expedition, led by the Portuguese captain Estêvão Gomes sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Río de San Antonio ('Saint Anthony's River').[44]
In 1609, the English explorer Henry Hudson rediscovered New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for the Dutch East India Company.[45] He sailed up what the Dutch called North River (now the Hudson River), named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange.[46]
Hudson claimed the region for the Dutch East India Company. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay was claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland ('New Netherland'). The first non–Native American inhabitant of what became New York City was Juan Rodriguez, a merchant from Santo Domingo who arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–14, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch.[47][48]
Dutch rule
- اصل مضمون/مضمونن جي لاءِ ڏسو New Amsterdam, Fort Amsterdam ۽ New Netherland
_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg)
The Castello Plan, a 1660 map of New Amsterdam in Lower Manhattan
New Amsterdam, centered in what eventually became Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year England took control and renamed it New York
A permanent European presence near New York Harbor was established in 1624, making New York the 12th-oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States, with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and Fort Amsterdam, later called Nieuw Amsterdam (New Amsterdam), on present-day Manhattan Island.[49][50]
The colony of New Amsterdam extended from the southern tip of Manhattan to modern-day Wall Street, where a 12-فٽ (3.7 m) wooden stockade was built in 1653 to protect against Native American and English raids.[51] In 1626, the Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit, as charged by the Dutch West India Company, purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small Lenape band,[52] for "the value of 60 guilders"[53] (about $900 in 2018).[54] A frequently told but disproved legend claims that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.[55][56]
Following the purchase, New Amsterdam grew slowly.[57] To attract settlers, the Dutch instituted the patroon system in 1628, whereby wealthy Dutchmen (patroons, or patrons) who brought 50 colonists to New Netherland would be awarded land, local political autonomy, and rights to participate in the lucrative fur trade. This program had little success.[58]
Since 1621, the Dutch West India Company had operated as a monopoly in New Netherland, on authority granted by the Dutch States General. In 1639–1640, in an effort to bolster economic growth, the Dutch West India Company relinquished its monopoly over the fur trade, leading to growth in the production and trade of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves (particularly with the Dutch West Indies).[57][59]
In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant began his tenure as the last Director-General of New Netherland. During his tenure, the population of New Netherland grew from 2,000 to 8,000.[60][61] Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order; however, he earned a reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to assert control over the Dutch Reformed Church, and blocked other religious groups from establishing houses of worship.[62]
English rule
- اصل مضمون/مضمونن جي لاءِ ڏسو Province of New York ۽ History of New York City (1665–1783)
The Fall of New Amsterdam, painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, depicting the Conquest of New Netherland
Fort George and New York with British warships, ت. 1731
In 1664, unable to summon any significant resistance, Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam to English troops, led by Colonel Richard Nicolls, without bloodshed.[62][63] The terms of the surrender permitted Dutch residents to remain in the colony and allowed for religious freedom.[64]
In 1667, during negotiations leading to the Treaty of Breda after the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the victorious Dutch decided to keep the nascent plantation colony of what is now Suriname, which they had gained from the English,[65] and in return the English kept New Amsterdam. The settlement was promptly renamed "New York" after the Duke of York (the future King James II and VII).[66] The duke gave part of the colony to proprietors George Carteret and John Berkeley.[67]
On August 24, 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Anthony Colve of the Dutch navy seized New York at the behest of Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and rechristened it "New Orange" after William III, the Prince of Orange.[68] The Dutch soon returned the island to England under the Treaty of Westminster of November 1674.[69][70]
Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizeable population losses for the Lenape between 1660 and 1670.[71] By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200.[72] New York experienced several yellow fever epidemics in the 18th century, losing ten percent of its population in 1702 alone.[73][74]
In the early 18th century, New York grew in importance as a trading port while as a part of the colony of New York.[75] It became a center of slavery, with 42% of households enslaving Africans by 1730.[76] Most were domestic slaves; others were hired out as labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banking and shipping industries trading with the American South. During construction in Foley Square in the 1990s, the African Burying Ground was discovered; the cemetery included 10,000 to 20,000 graves of colonial-era Africans, some enslaved and some free.[77]
The 1735 trial and acquittal in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger, who had been accused of seditious libel after criticizing colonial governor William Cosby, helped to establish freedom of the press in North America.[78] In 1754, Columbia University was founded.[79]
American Revolution
وڌيڪ ڏسو: American Revolution
The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765, as the Sons of Liberty organization emerged in the city and skirmished over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.[80] The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 within modern-day Brooklyn.[81] A British rout of the Continental Army at the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776 eliminated the last American stronghold in Manhattan, causing George Washington and his forces to retreat across the Hudson River to New Jersey, pursued by British forces.[82][83]
After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, the British made the city their military and political base of operations in North America.[84] The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees and escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom promised by the Crown, with as many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation, the largest such community on the continent.[85][86] When the British forces evacuated New York at the close of the war in 1783, they transported thousands of freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia, England, and the Caribbean.[87]
The attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776.[88] Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York destroyed nearly 500 buildings, about a quarter of the structures in the city, including Trinity Church.[89][90]
Post-revolutionary period and early 19th century
- اصل مضمون جي لاءِ ڏسو History of New York City (1784–1854)
In January 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York City the national capital.[91] New York was the last capital of the United States under the Articles of Confederation and the first under the Constitution.[92] As the capital, New York City hosted the inauguration of the first President, George Washington, and the first Congress, at Federal Hall on Wall Street. Congress drafted the Bill of Rights there.[92] The Supreme Court held its first organizational sessions in New York in 1790.
In 1790, for the first time, New York City surpassed Philadelphia as the nation's largest city. At the end of 1790, the national capital was moved to Philadelphia.[93][94]
During the 19th century, New York City's population grew from 60,000 to 3.43 million.[95] Under New York State's gradual emancipation act of 1799, children of slave mothers were to be eventually liberated but to be held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties.[96][97] Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-Black population gradually developed in Manhattan. The New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate Black children.[98] It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state.[99] Free Blacks struggled with discrimination and interracial abolitionist activism continued. New York City's population jumped from 123,706 in 1820 (10,886 of whom were Black and of which 518 were enslaved) to 312,710 by 1840 (16,358 of whom were Black).[100]
Also in the 19th century, the city was transformed by both commercial and residential development relating to its status as a national and international trading center, as well as by European immigration, respectively.[102] The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass almost all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes.[103] Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants.[104] In 1831, New York University was founded.[105]
Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Members of the business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city.[106]
The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, of whom more than 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, representing over a quarter of the city's population.[107] Extensive immigration from the German provinces meant that Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.[108][109]
American Civil War
- اصل مضمون/مضمونن جي لاءِ ڏسو New York City in the American Civil War ۽ History of New York City (1855–1897)
Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on.[98] Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class.[98]
The draft riots deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on Black New Yorkers after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and Black people for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground.[108] At least 120 people were killed.[110] Eleven Black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of Blacks to flee. The Black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865. The White working class had established dominance.[108][110] It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.[111]
Late 19th and early 20th century
- اصل مضمون/مضمونن جي لاءِ ڏسو History of New York City (1898–1945) ۽ History of New York City (1946–1977)
In 1886, the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France, was dedicated in New York Harbor. The statue welcomed 14 million immigrants as they arrived via Ellis Island by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is a symbol of the United States and American ideals of liberty and peace.[112][113]
In 1898, the City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens.[114] The opening of the New York City Subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together.[115] Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.[116]
In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people.[117] In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, killed 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.[118]
New York's non-White population was 36,620 in 1890.[119] New York City was a prime destination in the early 20th century for Blacks during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City had the largest urban African diaspora in North America.[120] The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition.[121] The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height.[122]
New York City became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed 10 million in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity.[123] The Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.[124]
Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens and Nassau County, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.[125]
Late 20th and early 21st centuries
- اصل مضمون/مضمونن جي لاءِ ڏسو History of New York City (1978–present) ۽ September 11 attacks
In 1969, the Stonewall riots were a series of violent protests by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village.[129] They are widely considered to be the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement[126][130][131][132] and the modern fight for LGBT rights.[133][134] Wayne R. Dynes, author of the Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, wrote that drag queens were the only "transgender folks around" during the Stonewall riots. The transgender community in New York City played a significant role in fighting for LGBT equality.[135]
In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates.[136] Growing fiscal deficits in 1975 led the city to appeal to the federal government for financial aid; President Gerald Ford gave a speech denying the request, which was paraphrased on the front page of the New York Daily News as "FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD."[137] The Municipal Assistance Corporation was formed and granted oversight authority over the city's finances.[138] While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s.[139]
By the mid-1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America.[حوالو گهربل] New York City's population exceeded 8 million for the first time in the 2000 census;[140] further records were set in the 2010 and 2020 censuses.[141] Important new economic sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged.[142]
_-_B6019~11.jpg)
The year 2000 was celebrated with fanfare in Times Square.[143] New York City suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks.[144] Two of the four hijacked airliners were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, resulting in the collapse of both buildings and the deaths of 2,753 people, including 343 first responders from the New York City Fire Department and 71 law enforcement officers.[145]
The area was rebuilt with a new World Trade Center, the National September 11 Memorial and Museum, and other new buildings and infrastructure,[146] including the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, the city's third-largest hub.[147] The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere[148] and the world's seventh-tallest building by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1٬776 فٽ (541.3 m), a reference to the year of American independence.[149][150][151]
The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide.[152]
New York City was heavily impacted by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, including flooding that led to the days-long shutdown of the subway system,[153] and flooding of all East River subway tunnels and of all road tunnels entering Manhattan except the Lincoln Tunnel.[154] The New York Stock Exchange closed for two days due to weather for the first time since the Great Blizzard of 1888.[155] At least 43 people died in New York City as a result of Sandy, and the economic losses in New York City were estimated to be roughly $19 billion.[156] The disaster spawned long-term efforts towards infrastructural projects to counter climate change and rising seas, with $15 billion in federal funding received through 2022 towards those resiliency efforts.[157][158]
In March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in the city was confirmed.[159] With its population density and extensive exposure to global travelers, the city rapidly replaced Wuhan, China as the global epicenter of the pandemic during the early phase, straining the city's healthcare infrastructure.[160][161] Through March 2023, New York City recorded more than 80,000 deaths from COVID-19-related complications.[162]
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جاگرافي
ھي شھر امريڪا جي اتر-اوڀر ۾ رياست، نيو يارڪ ۾، ھڊسن ندي جي ايٽلانٽڪ سمنڊ تي نيويارڪ بي ۾ ڇوڙ تي واقع آهي ۽ بوسٽن ۽ واشنگٽن ڊي سي جي وچ ۾ واقع آهي. بوسٽن کان ھن شھر جو فاصلو 217 ڪلوميٽر ۽ واشنگٽن ڊي سي کان 228 ڪلوميٽر آهي.[163] [164][165] آبادي ۾ اضافي ڪري ھن شھر جي ڪافي زمين سمنڊ مان ورتل آهي. ھيٺين مينھٽن جو علائقو، "بيٽري پارڪ سٽي" سمنڊ جي پاڻيءَ مان ورتل زمين تي جوڙيو ويو آهي.[166] ڪل پکيڙ 468.484 چورس ميل (1٬213.37 km2) آهي، جنھن ۾ 302.643 sq mi (783.84 km2) خشڪي ۽ 165.841 sq mi (429.53 km2) پاڻي شامل آهن.[167][168] شھر جو بلند ترين ھنڌ، "مائونٽ ٽاڊٽ" آهي جيڪو اسٽيٽن ٻيٽ ۾ واقع آهي جنھن جي اوچائي 409.8 فٽ (124.9 m) آهي.[169] ھن جبل جي چوٽيءَ تي ٻيلي جا وڻ آھن جيڪي اسٽيٽن ٻيٽ جي گرين بيلٽ جو حصو آھن.
آباديات
معيشت
ثقافت
انساني وسيلا
ٽرانسپورٽ
حڪومت ۽ سياست
قابل ذڪر ماڻهو
پڻ ڏسو
ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا
- Official website
- NYC Go – official tourism website
- Collections – 145,000 NYC photographs at the Museum of the City of New York
- "The New New York Skyline (interactive)". National Geographic.
| پيشرو Trenton, New Jersey |
Capital of the United States of America 1785–1791 |
جانشين Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
حوالا
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