Sesshō i kampaku

U Japanu je (japanski: 摂政, , Sesshō^?) označavao titulu za regenta imenovanog da pomaže djetetu-caru prije sticanja zrelost ili caricu. (japanski: 関白, , Kampaku^?) je teoretski bio glavni savjetnik cara , ali je istovremeno bila titula za prvog sekretara (premijera) i regenta koji je pomagao odraslom caru. U Heian eri su te titule označavale de facto vladare Japana. Postojalo je vrlo malo razlike među titulama, i nekoliko pojedinaca je jednostavno mijenjalo titule dok su djeca-carevi sazrijevali, odnosno odrasli carevi abdicirali, umirali i bili mijenjani s djecom.carevima. Dvije titule su bile poznate pod zajedničkim nazivom (japanski: 摂関, , Sekkan^?), a porodice koje su na njih imale ekskluzivno pravo bile poznate kao Sekkan-ke ili Sekkan porodice. Nakon Heian ere je umjesto njih vlast preuzeo šogunat.

Umirovljeni kampaku je bio poznat pod titulom Taikō (japanski: 太閤, Taikō^?), a što je izraz koji se često koristio za Toyotomija Hideyoshija.

Historija

U ranijim periodima su samo članovi carske porodice mogli biti imenovani kao sesshō. Kojiki navodi kako je caru Ojinu pomagala njegova majka carica Jingū, ali se sumnja da za to postoji historijski temelj. Prvi historijski atestirani sesshō bio je princ Shōtoku koji je pomagao carica Suiko.

Klan Fujiwara je postao glavni nositelj titula kampaku i sesshō. Te titule su pripadale klanu Fujiwara Hokke (sjevernoj poroidici Fujiwara) i njihovim potomcima, među kojima je bio Fujiwara no Yoshifusa.

Godine 858. Fujiwara no Yoshifusa je postao sesshō. Bio je prvi koji nije pripadao carskoj kući. Godine 876. Fujiwara no Mototsune, nećak i posvojeni sin Yoshifuse, imenovan je na novostvoreni položaj kampakua.

Poslije Fujiwara no Michinage i Fujiwara no Yorimichija, samo su njihovi potomci držale te titule. U 12. vijeku je bilo pet porodica među potomcima Yorimichija poznatih kao Sekke: Konoe porodica, Kujō porodica, Ichijō porodica, Takatsukasa porodica i Nijō porodica. I porodice Konoe i Kujō su bili potomci Yorimichija preko Fujiwara no Tadamichija. Ostale tri poriduce su poticale od Konoea ili Kujōa. Do Meiji restauracije 1868, tih porodica je držalo ekskluzivna prava na titule s dva izuzetka - Toyotomi Hideyoshijem i njegovim nećakom Toyotomi Hidetsuguom.

Služba i titula kampaku je počela nestajati iz upotrebe čim se uveo premijer Japana za vrijeme Meiji restauracije. Car Meiji je ukinuo službu 1872. Danas je pod Zakonu o carskom domaćinstvu, titula sesshō ograničena na carsku porodicu. Krunski princ Hirohito, prije nego što je postao car Shōwa, je od 1921. do 1926. bio sesshō za mentalno nestabilnog cara Taishoa. Bio je poznat kao sesshō-no-miya.

Popis

Slijedi popis sesshoa i kampakua po redu naslijeđivanja.^[1]

Sesshō	Kampaku	Vladavina	Car
Princ Shōtoku		593 – 622	Carica Suiko
Fujiwara no Yoshifusa.[2]		858 – 872	Car Seiwa
Fujiwara no Mototsune		872 – 880	Car Seiwa, Car Yōzei
	Fujiwara no Mototsune	880 – 890	Car Yōzei, Car Kōkō, Car Uda
Fujiwara no Tokihira		909[3]	Car Daigo
Fujiwara no Tadahira		930 – 941	Car Suzaku
	Fujiwara no Tadahira	941 – 949	Car Suzaku, Car Murakami
	Fujiwara no Saneyori[4]	967 – 969	Car Reizei
Fujiwara no Saneyori		969 – 970	Car En'yū
Fujiwara no Koretada		970 – 972	Car En'yū
	Fujiwara no Kanemichi[5]	972 – 977	Car En'yū
	Fujiwara no Yoritada	977 – 986	Car En'yū, Car Kazan
Fujiwara no Kaneie		986 – 990	Car Ichijō
	Fujiwara no Kaneie	5. maj (lunarni kalendar) 990 – 8. maj 990	Car Ichijō
	Fujiwara no Michitaka	8. maj 990 – 26. maj 990	Car Ichijō
Fujiwara no Michitaka		990 – 993	Car Ichijō
	Fujiwara no Michitaka	993 – 995	Car Ichijō
	Fujiwara no Michikane	28. april 995 – 8. maj 995	Car Ichijō
Fujiwara no Michinaga		1016 – 1017	Car Go-Ichijō
Fujiwara no Yorimichi		1017 – 1019	Car Go-Ichijō
	Fujiwara no Yorimichi.	Car Go-Ichijō, Car Go-Suzaku, Car Go-Reizei
	Fujiwara no Norimichi	1068 – 1075	Car Go-Sanjō, Car Shirakawa
	Fujiwara no Morozane	1075 – 1086	Car Shirakawa
Fujiwara no Morozane		1086 – 1090	Car Horikawa
	Fujiwara no Morozane	1090 – 1094	Car Horikawa
	Fujiwara no Moromichi	1094 – 1099	Car Horikawa
	Fujiwara no Tadazane	1105 – 1107	Car Horikawa
Fujiwara no Tadazane		1107 – 1113	Car Toba
	Fujiwara no Tadazane	1113 – 1121	Car Toba
	Fujiwara no Tadamichi	1121 – 1123	Car Toba
Fujiwara no Tadamichi		1123 – 1129	Car Sutoku
	Fujiwara no Tadamichi	1129 – 1141	Car Sutoku
Fujiwara no Tadamichi		1141 – 1150	Car Konoe
	Fujiwara no Tadamichi	1150 – 1158	Car Konoe, Car Go-Shirakawa
	Konoe Motozane	1158 – 1165	Car Nijō
Konoe Motozane		1165 – 1166	Car Rokujō
Fujiwara no Motofusa		1166 – 1172	Car Rokujō, Car Takakura
	Fujiwara no Motofusa	1172 – 1179	Car Takakura
	Konoe Motomichi	1179 – 1180	Car Takakura
Konoe Motomichi		1180 – 1183	Car Antoku
Matsudono Moroie		1183 – 1184	Car Antoku
Konoe Motomichi		1184 – 1186	Car Antoku, Car Go-Toba
Kujō Kanezane		1186 – 1191	Car Go-Toba
	Kujō Kanezane	1191 – 1196	Car Go-Toba
	Konoe Motomichi	1196 – 1198	Car Tsuchimikado
Konoe Motomichi		1198 – 1202	Car Tsuchimikado
Kujō Yoshitsune		1202 – 1206	Car Tsuchimikado
Konoe Iezane[6]		1206	Car Tsuchimikado
	Konoe Iezane[7]	1206 – 1221	Car Tsuchimikado, Car Juntoku
Kujō Michiie[8]		1221	Car Chūkyō
Konoe Iezane.[9]		1221 – 1223	Car Go-Horikawa
	Konoe Iezane[10]	1223 – 1228	Car Go-Horikawa
	Kujō Michiie	1228 – 1231	Car Go-Horikawa
Kujō Norizane		1231 – 1232	Car Go-Horikawa
Kujō Norizane		1232 – 1235	Car Shijō
Kujō Michiie		1235 – 1237	Car Shijō
Konoe Kanetsune		1237 – 1242	Car Shijō
	Konoe Kanetsune	1242	Car Go-Saga
	Nijō Yoshizane	1242 – 1246	Car Go-Saga
	Ichijō Sanetsune	1246	Car Go-Saga
Ichijō Sanetsune		1246 – 1247	Car Go-Fukakusa
Konoe Kanetsune		1247 – 1252	Car Go-Fukakusa
Takatsukasa Kanehira		1252 – 1254	Car Go-Fukakusa
	Takatsukasa Kanehira	1254 – 1261	Car Go-Fukakusa, Car Kameyama
	Nijō Yoshizane	1261 – 1265	Car Kameyama
	Ichijō Sanetsune	1265 – 1267	Car Kameyama
	Konoe Motohira	1267 – 1268	Car Kameyama
	Takatsukasa Mototada	1268 – 1273	Car Kameyama
	Kujō Tadaie	1273 – 1274	Car Kameyama
Kujō Tadaie		1274	Car Go-Uda
Ichijō Ietsune		1274 – 1275	Car Go-Uda
Takatsukasa Kanehira		1275 – 1278	Car Go-Uda
	Takatsukasa Kanehira	1278 – 1287	Car Go-Uda
	Nijō Morotada	1287 – 1289	Car Go-Uda, Car Fushimi
	Konoe Iemoto	1289 – 1291	Car Fushimi
	Kujō Tadanori	1291 – 1293	Car Fushimi
	Konoe Iemoto	1293 – 1296	Car Fushimi
	Takatsukasa Kanetada	1296 – 1298	Car Fushimi
Takatsukasa Kanetada		1298	Car Go-Fushimi
Nijō Kanemoto		1298 – 1300	Car Go-Fushimi
	Nijō Kanemoto	1300 – 1305	Car Go-Fushimi, Car Go-Nijō
	Kujō Moronori	1305 – 1308	Car Go-Nijō
Kujō Moronori		1308	Car Hanazono
Takatsukasa Fuyuhira		1308 – 1311	Car Hanazono
	Takatsukasa Fuyuhira	1311 – 1313	Car Hanazono
	Konoe Iehira	1313 – 1315	Car Hanazono
	Takatsukasa Fuyuhira	1315 – 1316	Car Hanazono
	Nijō Michihira	1316 – 1318	Car Hanazono, Car Go-Daigo
	Ichijō Uchitsune	1318 – 1323	Car Go-Daigo
	Kujō Fusazane	1323 – 1324	Car Go-Daigo
	Takatsukasa Fuyuhira	1324 – 1327	Car Go-Daigo
	Nijō Michihira	1327 – 1330	Car Go-Daigo
	Konoe Tsunetada	1330	Car Go-Daigo
	Takatsukasa Fuyunori	1330 – 1333	Car Go-Daigo, Car Kōgon
	Konoe Tsunetada	1336 – 1337	Car Kōmyō
	Konoe Mototsugu	1337 – 1338	Car Kōmyō
	Ichijō Tsunemichi	1338 – 1342	Car Kōmyō
	Kujō Michinori	1342	Car Kōmyō
	Takatsukasa Morohira[11]	1342 – 1346	Car Kōmyō
	Nijō Yoshimoto	1346 – 1358	Car Kōmyō, Car Sukō, Car Go-Kōgon
	Kujō Tsunenori	1358 – 1361	Car Go-Kōgon
	Konoe Michitsugu	1361 – 1363	Car Go-Kōgon
	Nijō Yoshimoto	1363 – 1367	Car Go-Kōgon
	Takatsukasa Fuyumichi	1367 – 1369	Car Go-Kōgon
	Nijō Moroyoshi	1369 – 1375	Car Go-Kōgon, Car Go-En'yū
	Kujō Tadamoto	1375 – 1379	Car Go-En'yū
	Nijō Morotsugu	1379 – 1382	Car Go-En'yū
Nijō Yoshimoto		1382 – 1388	Car Go-Komatsu
Konoe Kanetsugu		1388	Car Go-Komatsu
Nijō Yoshimoto		1388	Car Go-Komatsu
	Nijō Yoshimoto	1388	Car Go-Komatsu
	Nijō Morotsugu	1388 – 1394	Car Go-Komatsu
	Ichijō Tsunetsugu	1394 – 1398	Car Go-Komatsu
	Nijō Morotsugu	1398 – 1399	Car Go-Komatsu
	Ichijō Tsunetsugu	1399 – 1408	Car Go-Komatsu
	Konoe Tadatsugu	1408 – 1409	Car Go-Komatsu
	Nijō Mitsumoto	1409 – 1410	Car Go-Komatsu
	Ichijō Tsunetsugu	1410 – 1418	Car Go-Komatsu, Car Shōkō
	Kujō Mitsuie	1418 – 1424	Car Shōkō
	Nijō Mochimoto	1424 – 1428	Car Shōkō
Nijō Mochimoto		1428 – 1432	Car Go-Hanazono
Nijō Kaneyoshi		1432	Car Go-Hanazono
Nijō Mochimoto		1432 – 1433	Car Go-Hanazono
	Nijō Mochimoto	1433 – 1445	Car Go-Hanazono
	Konoe Fusatsugu	1445 – 1447	Car Go-Hanazono
	Ichijō Kaneyoshi	1447 – 1453	Car Go-Hanazono
	Takatsukasa Fusahira	1454 – 1455	Car Go-Hanazono
	Nijō Mochimichi	1455 – 1458	Car Go-Hanazono
	Ichijō Norifusa	1458 – 1463	Car Go-Hanazono
	Nijō Mochimichi	1463 – 1467	Car Go-Hanazono, Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Ichijō Kaneyoshi	1467 – 1470	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Nijō Masatsugu	1470 – 1476	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Kujō Masamoto	1476 – 1479	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Konoe Masaie	1479 – 1483	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Takatsukasa Masahira	1483 – 1487	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Kujō Masatada	1487 – 1488	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Ichijō Fuyuyoshi	1488 – 1493	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Konoe Hisamichi	1493 – 1497	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Nijō Hisamoto	1497	Car Go-Tsuchimikado
	Ichijō Fuyuyoshi	1497 – 1501	Car Go-Tsuchimikado, Car Go-Kashiwabara
	Kujō Hisatsune	1501 – 1513	Car Go-Kashiwabara
	Konoe Hisamichi	1513 – 1514	Car Go-Kashiwabara
	Takatsukasa Kanesuke	1514 – 1518	Car Go-Kashiwabara
	Nijō Korefusa	1518 – 1525	Car Go-Kashiwabara
	Konoe Taneie	1525 – 1533	Car Go-Kashiwabara, Car Go-Nara
	Kujō Tanemichi	1533 – 1534	Car Go-Nara
	Nijō Korefusa	1534 – 1536	Car Go-Nara
	Konoe Taneie	1536 – 1542	Car Go-Nara
	Takatsukasa Tadafuyu	1542 – 1545	Car Go-Nara
	Ichijō Fusamichi	1545 – 1548	Car Go-Nara
	Nijō Haruyoshi	1548 – 1553	Car Go-Nara
	Ichijō Kanefuyu	1553 – 1554	Car Go-Nara
	Konoe Sakihisa	1554 – 1568	Car Go-Nara, Car Ōgimachi
	Nijō Haruyoshi	1568 – 1578	Car Ōgimachi
	Kujō Kanetaka	1578 – 1581	Car Ōgimachi
	Ichijō Uchimoto	1581 – 1585	Car Ōgimachi
	Nijō Akizane	1585	Car Ōgimachi
	Toyotomi Hideyoshi	1585 – 1591	Car Ōgimachi, Car Go-Yōzei
	Toyotomi Hidetsugu	1591 – 1595	Car Go-Yōzei
	Kujō Kanetaka	1600 – 1604	Car Go-Yōzei
	Konoe Nobutada	1605 – 1606	Car Go-Yōzei
	Takatsukasa Nobufusa	1606 – 1608	Car Go-Yōzei
	Kujō Yukiie	1608 – 1612	Car Go-Yōzei, Car Go-Mizunoo
	Takatsukasa Nobuhisa	1612 – 1615	Car Go-Mizunoo
	Nijō Akizane	1615 – 1619	Car Go-Mizunoo
	Kujō Yukiie	1619 – 1623	Car Go-Mizunoo
	Konoe Nobuhiro	1623 – 1629	Car Go-Mizunoo
	Ichijō Akiyoshi	1629	Car Go-Mizunoo
Ichijō Akiyoshi		1629 – 1635	Empress Meishō
Nijō Yasumichi		1635 – 1647	Empress Meishō, Car Go-Kōmyō
Kujō Michifusa		1647	Car Go-Kōmyō
Ichijō Akiyoshi		1647	Car Go-Kōmyō
	Ichijō Akiyoshi	1647 – 1651	Car Go-Kōmyō
	Konoe Hisatsugu	1651 – 1653	Car Go-Kōmyō
	Nijō Mitsuhira	1653 – 1663	Car Go-Kōmyō, Car Go-Sai
Nijō Mitsuhira		1663 – 1664	Car Reigen
Takatsukasa Fusasuke		1664 – 1668	Car Reigen
	Takatsukasa Fusasuke	1668 – 1682	Car Reigen
	Ichijō Kaneteru	1682 – 1687	Car Reigen
Ichijō Kaneteru		1687 – 1689	Car Higashiyama
	Ichijō Kaneteru	1689 – 1690	Car Higashiyama
	Konoe Motohiro	1690 – 1703	Car Higashiyama
	Takatsukasa Kanehiro	1703 – 1707	Car Higashiyama
	Konoe Iehiro	1707 – 1709	Car Higashiyama
Konoe Iehiro		1709 – 1712	Car Nakamikado
Kujō Sukezane		1712 – 1716	Car Nakamikado
	Kujō Sukezane	1716 – 1722	Car Nakamikado
	Nijō Tsunahira	1722 – 1726	Car Nakamikado
	Konoe Iehisa	1726 – 1736	Car Nakamikado, Car Sakuramachi
	Nijō Yoshitada	1736 – 1737	Car Sakuramachi
	Ichijō Kaneka	1737 – 1746	Car Sakuramachi
	Ichijō Michika	1746 – 1747	Car Sakuramachi
Ichijō Michika		1747 – 1755	Car Momozono
	Ichijō Michika	1755 – 1757	Car Momozono
	Konoe Uchisaki	1757 – 1762	Car Momozono
Konoe Uchisaki		1762 – 1772	Empress Go-Sakuramachi, Car Go-Momozono
	Konoe Uchisaki	1772 – 1778	Car Go-Momozono
	Kujō Naozane	1778 – 1779	Car Go-Momozono
Kujō Naozane		1779 – 1785	Car Kōkaku
	Kujō Naozane	1785 – 1787	Car Kōkaku
	Takatsukasa Sukehira	1787 – 1791	Car Kōkaku
	Ichijō Teruyoshi	1791 – 1795	Car Kōkaku
	Takatsukasa Masahiro	1795 – 1814	Car Kōkaku
	Ichijō Tadayoshi	1814 – 1823	Car Kōkaku, Car Ninkō
	Takatsukasa Masamichi	1823 – 1856	Car Ninkō, Car Kōmei
	Kujō Hisatada	1856 – 1862	Car Kōmei
	Konoe Tadahiro	1862 – 1863	Car Kōmei
	Takatsukasa Sukehiro	1863	Car Kōmei
	Nijō Nariyuki	1863 – 1866	Car Kōmei
Nijō Nariyuki		1867	Car Meiji
Krunski princ Hirohito		1921 – 1926	Car Taishō