China
cultural region, ancient civilization, and nation in East Asia, mostly refer to the People's Republic of China in political situation, and rarely refer to the Republic of China / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
China (simplified Chinese: 中国; traditional Chinese: 中國 Pinyin: Zhōngguó) is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and a nation in East Asia. The official name is People's Republic of China or PRC.
People's Republic of China
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 National Emblem
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.svg) Area controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green. | |
| Capital | Beijing[lower-alpha 1] 39°55′N 116°23′E |
| Largest city | Shanghai[1] |
| Official languages | Standard Chinese[2][lower-alpha 2] |
Official written language | Vernacular Chinese |
| Simplified Chinese[2] | |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Demonym(s) | Chinese |
| Government | Socialist, Single-party state[4] |
| Xi Jinping[lower-alpha 4] | |
• Premier | Li Qiang |
• Congress Chairman | Zhang Dejiang |
• Conference Chairman | Yu Zhengsheng |
• First-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat | Liu Yunshan |
• Secretary of Discipline Inspection Commission | Wang Qishan |
• First Vice Premier | Zhang Gaoli |
| Legislature | National People's Congress |
| Formation | |
• First Unification of China under the Qin Dynasty | 221 BCE |
| 1 January 1912 | |
| 1 October 1949 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi)[lower-alpha 5] (3rd/4th) |
• Water (%) | 0.28%[lower-alpha 6] |
| Population | |
• 2016 estimate | 1,403,500,365[9] (1st) |
| 1,339,724,852[11] (1st) | |
• Density | 139.6/km2 (361.6/sq mi) (83rd) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $27.449 trillion[12] (1st) |
• Per capita | $19,559[12] (79th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $15.543 trillion (IMF)[12]
$15.224 trillion (China NBS)[13][14] (2nd) |
• Per capita | $11,074[12] (70th) |
| Gini (2015) | 46.2[15][16] high |
| HDI (2017) |  0.752[17]high · 86th |
| Currency | Renminbi (yuan)(¥)[lower-alpha 7] (CNY) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time) |
| Date format | |
| Driving side | right[lower-alpha 8] |
| Calling code | +86 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN |
| Internet TLD |
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| China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 中國 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 中国 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The last Chinese Civil War (1927–1949) resulted in two different political powers today:
The Republic of China (ROC) (since 1911), commonly known as China since 1 January, 1911 to 25 October, 1971. Now commonly known as Taiwan, has control over the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) (since 1949), commonly known as China, has control over mainland China and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999).
China is one of the world's oldest civilizations: it has the oldest continuous civilization near the Yellow River region.[18] There is archaeological evidence over 5,000 years old.[19] China also has one of the world's oldest writing systems (and the oldest in use today). China has been the source of many major inventions.[19] Geographically, China’s longest river is the Yangtze River which runs through mega cities and is home to many species. It is the world’s third longest river.