1691

1691 (MDCXCI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1691st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 691st year of the 2nd millennium, the 91st year of the 17th century, and the 2nd year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1691, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1691 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1691 MDCXCI
Ab urbe condita	2444
Armenian calendar	1140 ԹՎ ՌՃԽ
Assyrian calendar	6441
Balinese saka calendar	1612–1613
Bengali calendar	1098
Berber calendar	2641
English Regnal year	3 Will. & Mar. – 4 Will. & Mar.
Buddhist calendar	2235
Burmese calendar	1053
Byzantine calendar	7199–7200
Chinese calendar	庚午年 (Metal Horse) 4387 or 4327     — to — 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 4388 or 4328
Coptic calendar	1407–1408
Discordian calendar	2857
Ethiopian calendar	1683–1684
Hebrew calendar	5451–5452
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1747–1748
- Shaka Samvat	1612–1613
- Kali Yuga	4791–4792
Holocene calendar	11691
Igbo calendar	691–692
Iranian calendar	1069–1070
Islamic calendar	1102–1103
Japanese calendar	Genroku 4 (元禄４年)
Javanese calendar	1614–1615
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	4024
Minguo calendar	221 before ROC 民前221年
Nanakshahi calendar	223
Thai solar calendar	2233–2234
Tibetan calendar	ལྕགས་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Iron-Horse) 1817 or 1436 or 664     — to — ལྕགས་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Iron-Sheep) 1818 or 1437 or 665

Events

• March 5 – French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons
• March 20 – Leisler's Rebellion – New governor arrives in New York – Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours
• March 29 – Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender
• May 6 – Spanish inquisition condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 Jews in Palma Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake
• May 16 – Jacob Leisler is hanged for treason
• October 3 – Treaty of Limerick which guaranteed civil rights to Catholics was signed. (it was broken "before the ink was dry")
• Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Suleiman II (1687-1691) to Ahmed II (1691-1695).
• Michel Rolle invents Rolle's theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics.
• In New England the two separate Colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England.

Births

• February 27 - Edward Cave, English publisher

Deaths

• January 13 - George Fox, one of the founders of the Quakers
• December 31 - Robert Boyle, Irish scientist