1723
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1723 (MDCCXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1723rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 723rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 23rd year of the 18th century, and the 4th year of the 1720s decade. As of the start of 1723, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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Births
- January 5 – Nicole-Reine Lepaute, French astronomer, mathematician (d. 1788)
- January 11 – Prithvi Narayan Shah, First Monarch of Nepal (d. 1775)
- January 12 – Samuel Langdon, American President of Harvard University (d. 1797)
- January 31 – Petronella Johanna de Timmerman, Dutch poet, scientist (d. 1786)
- February 15 – John Witherspoon, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1794)
- February 17 – Tobias Mayer, German astronomer (d. 1761)
- February 21 – Louis-Pierre Anquetil, French historian (d. 1808)
- February 23 – Richard Price, Welsh philosopher (d. 1791)
- March 22 – Charles Carroll, American lawyer, Continental Congressman (d. 1783)
- March 25 – Catharina Mulder, Dutch organist (d. 1798)
- March 31 – King Frederick V of Denmark (d. 1766)
- April 5 – Catherine Charlotte De la Gardie, Swedish countess (d. 1763)
- April 20 – Cornelius Harnett, American Continental Congressman (d. 1781)
- April 30 – Mathurin Jacques Brisson, French naturalist (d. 1806)
- June 3 – Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian-born physician, naturalist (d. 1788)
- June 11 – Johann Georg Palitzsch, German astronomer (d. 1788)
- June 16 – (baptised) Adam Smith, Scottish economist, philosopher (d. 1790)
- June 20
- July 1 – Pedro Rodríguez, Count of Campomanes, Spanish statesman, writer (d. 1802)
- July 10 – William Blackstone, English jurist (d. 1780)
- July 11 – Jean-François Marmontel, French historian, writer (d. 1799)
- July 16 – Sir Joshua Reynolds, English painter (d. 1792)
- September 11 – Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (d. 1790)
- October 4 – Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus, German entomologist (d. 1798)
- October 11 – Hedvig Strömfelt, Swedish psalm writer (d. 1766)
- November 8 – John Byron, English admiral (d. 1786)
- November 30 – William Livingston, American politician, journalist (d. 1790)
- December 22 – Carl Friedrich Abel, German composer (d. 1787)
- December 26 – Friedrich Melchior, baron von Grimm, German writer (d. 1807)
- Date unknown – Carl Albert von Lespilliez, German draftsman, architect and printmaker (d. 1796)
- Eva Merthen, Finnish political activist (d. 1811)
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Deaths
- January 14 – Charles Henri, Prince of Commercy (b. 1649)
- February 23 – Anne Henriette of Bavaria, Duchess of Guise (b. 1648)
- February 25 – Sir Christopher Wren, English architect, astronomer, and mathematician (b. 1632)
- February 26 – Thomas d'Urfey, English writer (b. 1653)
- March 13 – René Auguste Constantin de Renneville, French writer (b. 1650)
- March 15 – Johann Christian Günther, German poet (b. 1695)
- March 30 – Filippo Bonanni, Italian Jesuit scholar (b. 1638)
- March 31 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, British Governor of New York and New Jersey (b. 1661)
- April 5 – Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, Austrian architect (b. 1656)
- April 11 – John Robinson, English diplomat (b. 1650)
- May 2 – Christopher of Baden-Durlach, German prince (b. 1684)
- May 11 – Jean Galbert de Campistron, French dramatist (b. 1656)
- May 12 – Johannes Voorhout, Dutch painter (b. 1647)
- May 29 – Jean de La Chapelle, French writer and dramatist (b. 1651)
- June 4 – Léopold Clément, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine, French prince (b. 1707)
- June 8 – Isaac Chayyim Cantarini, Italian rabbi (b. 1644)
- June 14 – Richard Newport, 2nd Earl of Bradford, English politician (b. 1644)
- July 14 – Claude Fleury, French historian (b. 1640)
- July 26 – Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (b. 1660)
- July 28 – Mariana Alcoforado, Portuguese nun (b. 1640)
- August 4 – William Fleetwood, Anglican bishop (b. 1656)
- August 10 – Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal, statesman (b. 1656)
- August 14 – Edward Northey (barrister), British barrister and politician (b. 1652)
- August 17 – Joseph Bingham, English scholar (b. 1668)
- August 21 – Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian linguist and scholar (b. 1673)
- August 23 – Increase Mather, American Puritan minister (b. 1639)
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- August 26 – Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist (b. 1632)
- September 19 – Robert Sutton, 2nd Baron Lexinton, English diplomat (b. 1662)
- October 1 – Frédéric Maurice Casimir de La Tour d'Auvergne, French prince (b. 1702)
- October 10 – William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper, Lord Chancellor of England (b. c. 1665)
- October 13 – Praskovia Saltykova, Russian tsarina (b. 1664)
- October 19 – Godfrey Kneller, German-born artist (b. 1646)
- October 28 – Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard, English politician and peer (b. 1653)
- October 31 – Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1642)
- November 19 – Antoine Nompar de Caumont, French courtier and statesman (b. 1632)
- December 1 – Susanna Centlivre, English dramatist, actress (b. 1669)
- December 2 – Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, regent of France (b. 1674)
- December 7 – Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect (b. 1677)
- December 20 – Augustus Quirinus Rivinus, German physician, botanist (b. 1652)
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