1854

1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1854th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 854th year of the 2nd millennium, the 54th year of the 19th century, and the 5th year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1854, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1820s  1830s  1840s  – 1850s –  1860s  1870s  1880s
Years:	1851 1852 1853 – 1854 – 1855 1856 1857

1854 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1854 MDCCCLIV
Ab urbe condita	2607
Armenian calendar	1303 ԹՎ ՌՅԳ
Assyrian calendar	6604
Bahá'í calendar	10–11
Balinese saka calendar	1775–1776
Bengali calendar	1261
Berber calendar	2804
British Regnal year	17 Vict. 1 – 18 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2398
Burmese calendar	1216
Byzantine calendar	7362–7363
Chinese calendar	癸丑年 (Water Ox) 4550 or 4490     — to — 甲寅年 (Wood Tiger) 4551 or 4491
Coptic calendar	1570–1571
Discordian calendar	3020
Ethiopian calendar	1846–1847
Hebrew calendar	5614–5615
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1910–1911
- Shaka Samvat	1775–1776
- Kali Yuga	4954–4955
Holocene calendar	11854
Igbo calendar	854–855
Iranian calendar	1232–1233
Islamic calendar	1270–1271
Japanese calendar	Kaei 7 / Ansei 1 (安政元年)
Javanese calendar	1782–1783
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4187
Minguo calendar	58 before ROC 民前58年
Nanakshahi calendar	386
Thai solar calendar	2396–2397
Tibetan calendar	ཆུ་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Water-Ox) 1980 or 1599 or 827     — to — ཤིང་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་ (male Wood-Tiger) 1981 or 1600 or 828

Events

• January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is born.
• March 20 –The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
• June 24 - Franz Liszt shows Franz Schubert's opera Alfonso und Estrella in Weimar. This was thirty-two years after it was composed.
• August 9 –Johann succeeds to the throne of Saxony on the death of his brother.
• October 6 –The great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead in England
• November 5 –Crimean War – Battle of Inkerman: The Russians are defeated.
• December 3 – Eureka Stockade miner's rebellion, Ballarat, Australia
• The French fashion label Louis Vuitton is founded.

Births

Henri Poincare

• January 1 – James George Frazer, Scottish social anthropologist (d. 1941)
• March 15 – Emil von Behring, German physiologist, 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1917)
• April 29 –Henri Poincaré, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1912)
• June 26 –Robert Borden, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1937)
• July 27 –Takahashi Korekiyo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936)
• October 3 –William C. Gorgas, American physician and Surgeon General (d. 1920)
• October 16 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (d. 1900)
• November 17 –Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (d. 1934)
• December 23 –Victoriano Huerta, President of Mexico (d. 1916)

Deaths

• February 17 –John Martin, English painter (b. 1789)
• April 11 –Karl Adolph von Basedow, German physician (b. 1799)
• June 7 – Charles Baudin, French admiral (b. 1784)
• July 6 –Georg Ohm, German physicist (b. 1789)
• August 21 –Thomas Clayton, American lawyer and politician (b. 1777)
• September 8 –Angelo Mai, Italian cardinal and philologist (b. 1782)
• October 26 –Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, queen consort of Bavaria (b. 1792)
• November 25 –John Gibson Lockhart, Scottish writer (b. 1794)
• December 9 –Almeida Garrett, Portuguese writer (b. 1799)
• December 15 –Kamehameha III, King of Hawaii (b. c. 1814)

New books

Tolstoy during the Crimean War

• Charles Dickens – Hard Times
• Fanny Fern – Ruth Hall
• Nathaniel Hawthorne – Mosses from an Old Manse
• Caroline Lee Hentz – The Planter's Northern Bride
• Alfred Tennyson – "The Charge of the Light Brigade"
• Henry David Thoreau – Walden, or Life in the Woods
• Leo Tolstoy – Boyhood