1923

1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. Beginning in February of this year, the Julian calendar was relegated to church use only. This happened after Greece adopted the Gregorian calendar.

1923 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1923 MCMXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2676
Armenian calendar	1372 ԹՎ ՌՅՀԲ
Assyrian calendar	6673
Bahá'í calendar	79–80
Balinese saka calendar	1844–1845
Bengali calendar	1330
Berber calendar	2873
British Regnal year	13 Geo. 5 – 14 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2467
Burmese calendar	1285
Byzantine calendar	7431–7432
Chinese calendar	壬戌年 (Water Dog) 4619 or 4559     — to — 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 4620 or 4560
Coptic calendar	1639–1640
Discordian calendar	3089
Ethiopian calendar	1915–1916
Hebrew calendar	5683–5684
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1979–1980
- Shaka Samvat	1844–1845
- Kali Yuga	5023–5024
Holocene calendar	11923
Igbo calendar	923–924
Iranian calendar	1301–1302
Islamic calendar	1341–1342
Japanese calendar	Taishō 12 (大正１２年)
Javanese calendar	1853–1854
Juche calendar	12
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4256
Minguo calendar	ROC 12 民國12年
Nanakshahi calendar	455
Thai solar calendar	2465–2466
Tibetan calendar	ཆུ་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ (male Water-Dog) 2049 or 1668 or 896     — to — ཆུ་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་ (female Water-Boar) 2050 or 1669 or 897

1923 was the first year to be in the public domain under the Copyright Extension Act. It entered the public domain in 2019.

Events

• January 1 – Grouping of all UK railway companies into four larger companies
• January 10 – Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel
• January 11 – Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments
• February 16 – Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of Pharaoh Tutankhamun
• February 22 – Barcelona (Catalonia): Albert Einstein visits the city, invited by the scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa, as part of the monografics course of High Studies and Exchange organized by the Mancomunitat de Catalunya and conducted by Rafael de Campalans.
• March – Antigone by Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. Antonin Artaud played the part of Tiresias.
• March 1 – USS Connecticut decommissioned
• March 2 – Time Magazine hits newsstands for the first time
• March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
• April – End of Irish Civil War
• April 12 – Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence.
• April 23 – Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia Seaport
• April 26 – Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in Westminster Abbey
• May 23 – Launch of Belgium's SABENA Airlines
• May 27 – Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members
• June 9 – Military coup in Bulgaria – prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed June 14)
• June 18 – Etna volcano erupts – 60.000 made homeless

Births

January

Arvid Carlsson

Norman Mailer

• January 15 – Lee Teng-hui, 4th President of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
• January 25 – Arvid Carlsson, Swedish neuroscientist (d. 2018)
• January 31 – Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007)

February

Conrad Bain

Belisario Betancur

Franco Zeffirelli

• February 4 - Conrad Bain, Canadian-American actor (d. 2013)
• February 4 – Belisario Betancur, 26th President of Colombia (d. 2018)
• February 12 – Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film director (d. 2019)

March

Marcel Marceau

• March 22 – Marcel Marceau, French actor (d. 2007)

April

Nguyễn Văn Thiệu

• April 5 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, 2nd President of South Vietnam (d. 2001)
• April 22 – Bettie Page, American model (d. 2008)

May

Anne Baxter

Heydar Aliyev

Henry Kissinger

Rainier III, Prince of Monaco

• May 7 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
• May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, 3rd President of Azerbaijan (d. 2003)
• May 14 – Alfredo Pieroni, Italian writer and journalist (d. 2011)
• May 27 – Henry Kissinger, 56th United States Secretary of State (d. 2023)
• May 28 – N. T. Rama Rao, Indian actor, director and politician (d. 1996)
• May 31 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)

June

• June 25 – Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994)

July

Wojciech Jaruzelski

Richard Pipes

Estelle Getty

• July 6 – Wojciech Jaruzelski, 1st President of Poland (d. 2014)
• July 11 – Richard Pipes, Polish-American academic and political expert (d. 2018)
• July 25 – Estelle Getty, American actress (d. 2008)

August

Shimon Peres

Rhonda Fleming

• August 2 – Shimon Peres, 9th President of Israel (d. 2016)
• August 10 – Rhonda Fleming, American actress (d. 2020)

September

Lee Kuan Yew

• September 16 – Lee Kuan Yew, 1st Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2015)

October

Charlton Heston

Glynis Johns

Italo Calvino

• October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor and political activist (d. 2008)
• October 5 – Glynis Johns, Welsh stage and film actress, dancer, pianist and singer (d. 2024)
• October 15 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)

November

Alan Shepard

• November 18 – Alan Shepard, American astronaut (d. 1998)

December

Philip W. Anderson

• December 13 – Philip W. Anderson, American Nobel physicist (d. 2020)

Deaths

• February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physician and Nobel Prize laureate

Nobel Prize

• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Frederick Banting, Canadian doctor, and John James Rickard Macleod, Scottish physiologist