Dervish movement (Somali)

The Dervish movement (Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqii Daraawiishta) was a popular movement that developed in Khatumo between 1899 and 1920. It called for the expulsion of all foreign powers largely from the Khatumo region in the Horn of Africa.^[2][3]

Dervish movement Dhaqdhaqaaq Daraawiishta
1899–1920
Capital	Taleh
Religion	Islam with Sufism-orientation
Garad, Sultan[1]
• 1895-1916	Diiriye Guure
Sayyid/Mullah
• 1895–1920	Mohammed Abdullah Hassan[a]
History
• Established	1899
• Disestablished	9 February 1920
Preceded by Succeeded by Ottoman Empire Italian Somaliland British Somaliland
Today part of	Somalia  Ethiopia

The Dervish monarch was Sultan Diiriye Guure,^[4][5][6] whilst its emir was the Salihiyya Sufi Muslim poet Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, also known as Sayyid Mohamed. He called for the removal of British and Italian colonies in Somalia, the defeat of Ethiopian forces, the expulsion of Christianity and the establishment of a Muslim Somali state.^[2][3]

History

On 3 March 1905 Hassan, the so-called "Mad Mullah" declared himself Sayyid of Nogal (Nugaal valley) in the Khatumo region. The territory coincided approximately with the actual Nugaal area in modern Khatumo State. It was ruled like a kind of sultanate on behalf of the Mahdi.

Hassan's rule was ended by Italy in 1911. After the collapse of Hassan’s resistance movement,^[7] rebellion and revolt occurred with disputes between different tribes in Northern Somalia.

The Italian government of Somalia again worked together with the old tribesmen in order to try and keep peace between the several tribes, while maintaining close control over the military.^[8]

Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (nicknamed the "Mad Mullah" by the British) escaped from the Khatumo region in 1920 to Imey Ethiopia, where he later died in 1921.

Legacy

The Dervish legacy mostly in Khatumo and to a lesser extent in Somalia has been influential. It was the "most important revivalist Islamic movements" in Somalia, state Hasan and Robleh.^[9] The movement, and particularly its leader, has been controversial in Somalia. Some cherish it as the founder of modern Somali nationalism. Others see it as an ambitious Muslim brotherhood militancy that destroyed Somalia's opportunity to move towards modernization and progress in favor of a puritanical Islamic state embedded with Islamic education. Its ideas are enshrined in the constitution of Somalia.^[9]

Gallery

• 
  Taleh fort
• 
  Eyl fort
• 
  dervish division