Hindu–Arabic numeral system

The Hindu–Arabic numeral system, sometimes known as the Indo–Arabic numeral or Latin numeral system or simply the Hindu numeral system, Indo numeral system or Arabic numeral system, is a system of numbers used all around the world.^[1] It is a base-ten place-value system.^[2] This system has ten basic lowercase-only symbols, which are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.^[3] The Hindu–Arabic numeral system was first created by the Indians in the 6th century and used by the Arabs in the 7th century and Romans in the 16th century.

Hindu–Arabic numeral system

Base	Decimal (base 10)
Zero	0
One	1
Two	2
Three	3
Four	4
Five	5
Six	6
Seven	7
Eight	8
Nine	9
v t e

In Europe, Hindu-Arabic numeral system became very popular after the publication of Liber Abaci, a book written by Italian mathematician Fibonacci.^[4] They are very different from previous methods of counting, such as the abacus. The numbers allowed mathematics to develop. In the past, many other number systems had been used.^[5]

References

1. Flegg, Graham 2002. Numbers: their history and meaning. Courier Dover. ISBN 0-486-42165-1
2. Willers, Michael (2021). Mathematics: From Algebra to Algorithms, Adventures in Numbers. London, UK: New Burlington Books. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-1-80242-020-3.
3. "Hindu-Arabic numerals". Britannica. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
4. Willers, Michael (2021). Mathematics: From Algebra to Algorithms, Adventures in Numbers. London, UK: New Burlington Books. pp. 82–83, 98. ISBN 978-1-80242-020-3.
5. Menninger, Karl 1969. Number words and number symbols: a cultural history of numbers. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-13040-8