Landlocked country

A landlocked country is country with no access to any oceans or seas. As an example, Austria is landlocked. France is not landlocked because it has access to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean. A sea is also landlocked if does not have access to an ocean. This is also called an endorheic basin. As an example, the Caspian Sea is landlocked. The Gulf of Mexico is not landlocked because it has access to the Atlantic Ocean.

Landlocked countries of the world: 42 landlocked (green), 2 doubly landlocked (purple)

If a country is landlocked by landlocked countries (surrounded by landlocked countries), then it is doubly landlocked. Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan are the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world.

List of landlocked countries and landlocked de facto states

Country	Area (km2)	Population	Continent	Region	Neighbouring countries	Number of countries	Number of countries with ocean access
Afghanistan	652,230	33,369,945	Asia	Southern Asia	China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,[a] Uzbekistan[d]	6	3
Andorra	468	77,543	Europe	Southern Europe	France and Spain	2	2
Armenia	29,743	3,000,756	Asia	Western Asia	Azerbaijan,[a] Georgia, Iran, and Turkey	4	3
Austria	83,871	9,027,999	Europe	Western Europe	Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland	8	3
Azerbaijan[a]	86,600	10,353,296	Asia	Western Asia	Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey	5/6	4
Belarus	207,600	9,255,524	Europe	Eastern Europe	Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine	5	5
Bhutan	38,394	691,141	Asia	Southern Asia	China and India	2	2
Bolivia	1,098,581	12,054,379	Americas	South America	Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru	5	4
Botswana	582,000	2,384,246	Africa	Southern Africa	Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe	4	2
Burkina Faso	274,222	21,935,389	Africa	Western Africa	Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Togo	6	4
Burundi	27,834	11,865,821	Africa	Eastern Africa	DR Congo, Rwanda, and Tanzania	3	2
Central African Republic	622,984	5,454,533	Africa	Middle Africa	Cameroon, Chad, the Congo, DR Congo, South Sudan, and the Sudan	6	4
Chad	1,284,000	17,963,211	Africa	Middle Africa	Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, and the Sudan	6	4
Czech Republic	78,867	10,516,707	Europe	Eastern Europe	Austria, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia	4	2
Eswatini	17,364	1,160,164	Africa	Southern Africa	Mozambique and South Africa	2	2
Ethiopia	1,104,300	113,656,596	Africa	Eastern Africa	Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, Somaliland[b], South Sudan, and the Sudan	6/7	5/6
Hungary	93,028	9,689,010	Europe	Eastern Europe	Austria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine	7	4
Kazakhstan[a]	2,724,900	19,644,100	Asia	Central Asia	China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan,[a] and Uzbekistan[d]	5	2
Kosovo[b]	10,908	1,806,279	Europe	Southern Europe	Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia	4	2
Kyrgyzstan	199,951	6,071,750	Asia	Central Asia	China, Kazakhstan,[a] Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan[d]	4	1
Laos	236,800	7,749,595	Asia	South-eastern Asia	Cambodia, China, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam	5	5
Lesotho[c]	30,355	2,281,454	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	1	1
Liechtenstein[d]	160	35,789	Europe	Western Europe	Austria and Switzerland	2	0
Luxembourg	2,586	502,202	Europe	Western Europe	Belgium, France, and Germany	3	3
Malawi	118,484	20,091,635	Africa	Eastern Africa	Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia	3	2
Mali	1,240,192	21,473,764	Africa	Western Africa	Algeria, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal	7	5
Moldova	33,846	3,559,500	Europe	Eastern Europe	Romania, Transnistria,[b] and Ukraine	2/3	2
Mongolia	1,566,500	3,227,863	Asia	Eastern Asia	China and Russia	2	2
Nepal	147,181	30,666,598	Asia	Southern Asia	China and India	2	2
Niger	1,267,000	24,484,587	Africa	Western Africa	Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria	7	4
North Macedonia	25,713	1,836,713	Europe	Southern Europe	Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo,[b] and Serbia	4/5	3
Paraguay	406,752	7,356,409	Americas	South America	Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil	3	2
Rwanda	26,338	12,955,736	Africa	Eastern Africa	Burundi, DR Congo, Tanzania, and Uganda	4	2
San Marino[c]	61	31,716	Europe	Southern Europe	Italy	1	1
Serbia	88,361	6,690,887	Europe	Southern Europe	Albania (via Kosovo and Metohija), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Kosovo,[b] Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Romania	8	5/6
Slovakia	49,035	5,460,185	Europe	Eastern Europe	Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine	5	2
South Ossetia[b]	3,900	72,000	Asia	Western Asia	Georgia and Russia	2	2
South Sudan	644,329	11,544,905	Africa	Eastern Africa	The Central African Republic, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Sudan, and Uganda	6	3
Switzerland	41,284	8,636,896	Europe	Western Europe	Austria, France, Germany, Italy, and Liechtenstein	5	3
Tajikistan	143,100	9,119,347	Asia	Central Asia	Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan[d]	4	1
Transnistria[b]	4,163	505,153	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova and Ukraine	2	1
Turkmenistan[a]	488,100	5,636,011	Asia	Central Asia	Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan,[a] and Uzbekistan[d]	4	1
Uganda	241,038	45,853,778	Africa	Eastern Africa	DR Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Tanzania	5	3
Uzbekistan[d]	449,100	36,001,262	Asia	Central Asia	Afghanistan, Kazakhstan,[a] Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan[a]	5	0
Vatican City[c]	0.49	826	Europe	Southern Europe	Italy	1	1
Zambia	752,612	19,610,769	Africa	Eastern Africa	Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe	8	5
Zimbabwe	390,757	15,121,004	Africa	Eastern Africa	Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zambia	4	2
Total	14,776,228	475,818,737	N/A
Percentage of the World	9.9%	5.9%

^a Has a coastline on the inland saltwater Caspian Sea

^b Has limited international recognition

^c Landlocked by a single country

^d Doubly landlocked

Related pages

• Endorheic basin