Mamluk

The Mamluks were members of a military caste that began as slaves and controlled Egypt from 1254 to 1811. Other Mamluks held power in some other Muslim countries such as Delhi Sultanate India. The word means "slave" in Arabic. In 1517, the Ottoman Empire conquered the Mamluks of Egypt, but they continued to be powerful until 1811, when Muhammad Ali Pasha defeated them and took control of Egypt.

Mameluk soldier with horse

Other websites

• Qur'an Carpet Page; al-Fatihah is an Islamic holy book that was owned by Mamluks from the 1300s