Photolithography

Photolithography is the combination of photography and lithography. Its uses include the mass printing of photographs. Microphototolithography is the use of photolithography to transfer geometric shapes on a photomask to the surface of a semiconductor wafer for making integrated circuits.

Manufacturing

Microphotolithography makes integrated circuits such as memory and central processing units.

A special light-and-shadow pattern is projected through a photomask, onto a sheet or wafer of silicon that had been covered with a material called a photoresist. The light hardens the photoresist. When the board is dipped into a special acid, the parts that had no light on them are dissolved away.

Memory chips have thousands or millions of identical cells. Because is much easier to make than a CPU, (a large die with a non-repetitive structure), RAM chips are far less expensive than processors.

Related pages

• Extreme ultraviolet lithography
• Dip-pen nanolithography
• Soft lithography
• Magnetolithography
• Nanochannel glass materials
• Stereolithography, a macroscale process used to produce three-dimensional shapes
• Wafer foundry
• Chemistry of photolithography
• Computational lithography
• Alvéole Lab
• Semiconductor device fabrication