Podatki na hitro Germanij, Izgovarjava ...
Germanij, 32 Ge Izgovarjava IPA: [gɛɾˈmaːni] Videz sivkasto bel Standardna atomska teža A r, std (Ge)7001726300000000000♠ 72,630(8)[1]
Vrstno število (Z ) 32 Skupina skupina 14 (ogljikova skupina) Perioda perioda 4 Blok blok p Razporeditev elektronov [ Ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p2 Razporeditev elektronov po lupini 2, 8, 18, 4 Faza snovi pri STP trdnina Tališče 938,25 °C Vrelišče 2833 °C Gostota (blizu s.t. ) 5,323 g/cm3 v tekočem stanju (pri TT ) 5,60 g/cm3 Talilna toplota 36,94 kJ/mol Izparilna toplota 334 kJ/mol Toplotna kapaciteta 23,222 J/(mol·K) Parni tlak
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
pri T (°C)
1.371
1.541
1.750
2.014
2.360
2.831
Oksidacijska stanja −4 −3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2 , +3, +4 (amfoterni oksid)Elektronegativnost Paulingova lestvica: 2,01 Ionizacijske energije 1.: 762 kJ/mol 2.: 1537,5 kJ/mol 3.: 3302,1 kJ/mol Atomski polmer empirično: 122 pm Kovalentni polmer 122 pm Van der Waalsov polmer 211 pm Spektralne črte germanijaPojavljanje v naravi prvobitno Kristalna struktura diamantna kubična Hitrost zvoka tanka palica 5400 m/s (pri 20 °C) Temperaturni raztezek 6,0 µm/(m⋅K) Toplotna prevodnost 60,2 W/(m⋅K) Električna upornost 1 Ω⋅m (pri 20 °C) Prepovedani pas 0,67 eV (pri 300 K) Magnetna ureditev diamagnetik [3] Magnetna susceptibilnost − 76,84·10−6 cm3 /mol[4] Youngov modul 103 GPa[5] Strižni modul 41 GPa[5] Stisljivostni modul 75 GPa[5] Poissonovo razmerje 0,26[5] Mohsova trdota 6,0 Številka CAS 7440-56-4 Poimenovanje po Germaniji, domovini njegovega odkritelja Prediction Dimitrij Mendelejev (1869)Odkritje Clemens Winkler (1886)
Kategorija: Germanij prikaži · pogovor · uredi · zgodovina | reference
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Več informacij in, calc from C ...
Ge: tališče
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
938,25
—
—
K
1211,40
1211,40
0
F
1720,85
1720,85
0
max precision
WD
String Module Error: Target string is empty !
input
C: 938,25, K: 1211,40, F: 1720,85
comment
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Več informacij in, calc from C ...
Ge: vrelišče
in
calc from C
diff
report
ref
C
2833
—
—
K
3106
3106
0
F
5131
5131
0
max precision
0
WD
String Module Error: Target string is empty !
input
C: 2833, K: 3106, F: 5131
comment
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Več informacij Nabor podatkov, ki jih bere {{Infopolje Element}} ...
Nabor podatkov, ki jih bere { { Infopolje Element} }
Ime in identifikatorji
Vrhnja slika (caption, alt)
Izgovorjava
Alotropi (demo )
Skupina (demo )
Perioda (demo )
Blok (demo )
Kategorija (slwiki)
Standardna atomska teža
najstabilnejši izotop
Pojavljanje v naravi
Faza pri STP
Oksidacijska stanja
Slika spektralne črte
Razporeditev elektronov (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikipodatki *
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
* Se ne uporablja v { { Infopolje Element} } Glej tudi Kategorija:Podatki za elemente (54)
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Splošno
In general
Usually parameters reproduce the value, and the template adds the SI unit or additional standard text. While the topic is technical, we can strive to make the result readable text, and even verbose. For example, this is why the template writes "(at 0 ° C)". For this, you may want to experiment with parameter input too - or propose improvements.
All this can vary across the values (data rows). So depending on the row and the specific value, additional formattings may be added by the template (e.g., a newline < br>
)
Central data values
Some data, like standard atomic weight , are read from a central list. This way, enwiki has the same values everywhere. See #Chemical element data sets for more.
Parameter naming patterns
Most parameters have a ... ref
that allows for references. This reference is added right after the unit.
ionization energy ref
Parameters with a .. comment
suffix are added to the end of a data line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without formatting additions (no brackets, no italics, ...):
ionization energy comment
Numbered values make a list:
ionization energy
ionization energy 2
ionization energy 3
Več informacij Seznam parametrov ...
Seznam parametrov
{{Infopolje Element
<!-- Zgoraj -->
|image name=
|image alt=
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=
|image alt 2=
|image size 2=
|image name 2 comment=
<!-- Splošne značilnosti -->
|name=
|symbol=
|pronounce=
|pronounce ref=
|pronounce comment=
|pronounce 2=
|alt name=
|alt names=
|allotropes=
|appearance=
<!-- Periodni sistem -->
|above=
|below=
|left=
|right=
|number=
|atomic mass=
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass ref=
|atomic mass comment=
|series=
|series ref=
|series comment=
|series color=
|group=
|group ref=
|group comment=
|period=
|period ref=
|period comment=
|block=
|block ref=
|block comment=
|electron configuration=
|electron configuration ref=
|electron configuration comment=
|electrons per shell=
|electrons per shell ref=
|electrons per shell comment=
<!-- Fizikalne lastnosti -->
|physical properties comment=
|color=
|phase=
|phase ref=
|phase comment=
|melting point K=
|melting point C=
|melting point F=
|melting point ref=
|melting point comment=
|boiling point K=
|boiling point C=
|boiling point F=
|boiling point ref=
|boiling point comment=
|sublimation point K=
|sublimation point C=
|sublimation point F=
|sublimation point ref=
|sublimation point comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gplstp ref=
|density gplstp comment=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3nrt ref=
|density gpcm3nrt comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt 2 ref=
|density gpcm3nrt 2 comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
|density gpcm3nrt 3 ref=
|density gpcm3nrt 3 comment=
|density gpcm3mp=
|density gpcm3mp ref=
|density gpcm3mp comment=
|density gpcm3bp=
|density gpcm3bp ref=
|density gpcm3bp comment=
|molar volume=
|molar volume unit =
|molar volume ref=
|molar volume comment=
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|triple point ref=
|triple point comment=
|triple point K 2=
|triple point kPa 2=
|triple point 2 ref=
|triple point 2 comment=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|critical point ref=
|critical point comment=
|heat fusion=
|heat fusion ref=
|heat fusion comment=
|heat fusion 2=
|heat fusion 2 ref=
|heat fusion 2 comment=
|heat vaporization=
|heat vaporization ref=
|heat vaporization comment=
|heat capacity=
|heat capacity ref=
|heat capacity comment=
|heat capacity 2=
|heat capacity 2 ref=
|heat capacity 2 comment=
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure ref=
|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure 1 2=
|vapor pressure 10 2=
|vapor pressure 100 2=
|vapor pressure 1 k 2=
|vapor pressure 10 k 2=
|vapor pressure 100 k 2=
|vapor pressure 2 ref=
|vapor pressure 2 comment=
<!-- Atomic properties -->
|atomic properties comment=
|oxidation states=
|oxidation states ref=
|oxidation states comment=
|electronegativity=
|electronegativity ref=
|electronegativity comment=
|ionization energy 1=
|ionization energy 1 ref=
|ionization energy 1 comment=
|ionization energy 2=
|ionization energy 2 ref=
|ionization energy 2 comment=
|ionization energy 3=
|ionization energy 3 ref=
|ionization energy 3 comment=
|number of ionization energies=
|ionization energy ref=
|ionization energy comment=
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius ref=
|atomic radius comment=
|atomic radius calculated=
|atomic radius calculated ref=
|atomic radius calculated comment=
|covalent radius=
|covalent radius ref=
|covalent radius comment=
|Van der Waals radius=
|Van der Waals radius ref=
|Van der Waals radius comment=
<!-- Miscellanea -->
|crystal structure=
|crystal structure prefix=
|crystal structure ref=
|crystal structure comment=
|crystal structure 2=
|crystal structure 2 prefix=
|crystal structure 2 ref=
|crystal structure 2 comment=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound ref=
|speed of sound comment=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at 20 ref=
|speed of sound rod at 20 comment=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion ref=
|thermal expansion comment=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|thermal expansion at 25 ref=
|thermal expansion at 25 comment=
|thermal conductivity=
|thermal conductivity ref=
|thermal conductivity comment=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal conductivity 2 ref=
|thermal conductivity 2 comment=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal diffusivity ref=
|thermal diffusivity comment=
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=
|electrical resistivity ref=
|electrical resistivity comment=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 0 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 0 comment=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|electrical resistivity at 20 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 20 comment=
|band gap=
|band gap ref=
|band gap comment=
|Curie point K=
|Curie point ref=
|Curie point comment=
|magnetic ordering=
|magnetic ordering ref=
|magnetic ordering comment=
|tensile strength=
|tensile strength ref=
|tensile strength comment=
|Young's modulus=
|Young's modulus ref=
|Young's modulus comment=
|Shear modulus=
|Shear modulus ref=
|Shear modulus comment=
|Bulk modulus=
|Bulk modulus ref=
|Bulk modulus comment=
|Poisson ratio=
|Poisson ratio ref=
|Poisson ratio comment=
|Mohs hardness=
|Mohs hardness ref=
|Mohs hardness comment=
|Mohs hardness 2=
|Mohs hardness 2 ref=
|Mohs hardness 2 comment=
|Vickers hardness=
|Vickers hardness ref=
|Vickers hardness comment=
|Brinell hardness=
|Brinell hardness ref=
|Brinell hardness comment=
|CAS number=
|CAS number ref=
|CAS number comment=
<!-- History -->
|naming=
|predicted by=
|prediction date ref=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=
|discovery date ref=
|discovery date=
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date ref=
|first isolation date=
|discovery and first isolation by=
|named by=
|named date ref=
|named date=
|history comment label=
|history comment=
<!-- Isotopi -->
|isotopes=
|isotopes comment=
|engvar=
|name2=
}}
scroll|{{[[Predloga:Infopolje Element|Infopolje Element]]}}; oznake & opombe:
(Slika)
(Slika 2)
SPLOŠNE ZNAČILNOSTI
Name
[[Kemijski simbol|Simbol]]
Izgovorjava
Druga imena
[[Alotropija|Alotropi]]
Izgled
<element> V PERIODNEM SISTEMU
[[periodni sistem elementov|Periodni sistem]]
[[Vrstno število]]
[[Atomska teža|Standardna atomska teža]]
uncertainty to use in ([[uncertainty bracket notation|bracket notation]])
[[Names for sets of chemical elements|Element category]] (also header bg color)
(sets header bg color, over 'series='-color)
[[Skupina periodnega sistema|Skupina]]
[[Perioda periodnega sistema|Perioda]]
[[Blok periodnega sistema|Blok]]
[[Elektronska konfiguracija|Razporeditev elektronov]]
Elektroni po lupini
FIZIKALNE LASTNOSTI
(general note)
Barva
[[Faza snovi]]
[[Tališče]]
[[Vrelišče]]
[[Sublimacija|Sublimišče]]
[[Gostota]] [g/L pri s.t.p.]
Gostota [g/cm3 pri sobni temperaturi]
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #2
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #3
Gostota (tekočina, tališče) [g/cm3]
Gostota (tekočina, vrelišče) [g/cm3]
[[Molarna prostornina]]
Enote v cm3/mol; za drugo enoto nastavi prefix=d za dm3/mol (plini)
[[Trojna točka]]
[[Kritična točka]]
[[Talilna toplota]]
[[Izparilna toplota]]
[[Toplotna kapaciteta]]
[[Parni tlak]]
Parni tlak
LASTNOSTI ATOMA
[[Oksidacijsko stanje|Oksidacijska stanja]]
[[Elektronegativnost]]
[[Ionizacijska energija]]
[[Atomski polmer]]
[[Kovalentni polmer]]
[[Van der Waalsov polmer]]
RAZNO
[[Kristalna struktura]]
Kristalna struktura
[[Hitrost zvoka]]
[[Toplotno raztezanje]]
[[Toplotna prevodnost]]
[[Toplotna difuzivnost]]
[[Specifična upornost|Električni upor]]
[[Prepovedani pas]]
[[Curiejeva temperatura|Curiejeva točka]]
[[Magnetizem|Magnetna ureditev]]
[[Natezna trdnost]]
[[Youngov modul]]
[[Strižni modul]]
[[Stisljivostni modul]]
[[Poissonovo število|Poissonovo razmerje]]
[[Mohsova trdotna lestvica|Mohsova trdota]]
[[Trdota po Vickersu]]
[[Trdota po Brinellu]]
[[Številka CAS]]
ZGODOVINA
Poimenovanje
Napovedano
()
Odkritje
()
Prva izolacija
()
Odkritje in prva izolacija (1 ali 2 datuma)
Poimenoval
()
(opombe k zgodovini)
IZOTOPI <element>a
Izotopi <element>a
([[:en:WP:ENGVAR|wp:engvar]])
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