Јужно острво

Јужно острво (енгл. ,^[1] маор. ) је једно од два главна острва Новог Зеланда (друго је Северно острво). Има површину од 151.215 , што га чини дванаестим острвом по величини на свету.^[2] Дуж западне обале Јужног острва пружа се ланац планина Јужни Алпи, чији највиши врх је Кук са 3,754 метара изнад нивоа мора. На острву постоји 9 националних паркова, а познато је и по скијалиштима.

Јужно острво

Сателитски снимак Јужног Острва
Јужно острво Нови Зеланд
Географија
Координате	43° 58′ 59″ Ј; 170° 27′ 00″ И 43° 58′ 59″ Ј; 170° 27′ 00″ И
Површина	150.437 km2
Обала	5.842 km
Висина	3.754 m
Највиши врх	Маунт Кук
Администрација
НЗЕ
Демографија
Становништво	1.096.200  (2016.)
Густина ст.	0 стан./km2

Први европљани који су стигли до овог острва били су у експедицији Холанђанина Абела Тасмана. Његова два брода су стигла у Златни залив на северу острва децембра 1642. У 19. веку неке мапе су називале острво „Средња земља“ или „Нови Алстер“. На острву живи 1.096.200 људи, што је око четвртина народа Новог Зеланда. У прошлости (19. век) овде је живела већина становништва. Острво је подељено у седам региона: Нелсон, Марлборо, Тасман, Отаго, Кентербури, Западна обала, Јужна земља. Највећи градови на острву су Крајстчерч, Данедин, Инверкаргил, Нелсон, Вестпорт, Хокитика, Бленхајм, Тимару, Оамару.

Пошто је 32% веће од Северног острва, Јужно острво се понекад назива и „копно“ Новог Зеланда.^[3] Ono је дом за 23 одсто од 5,1 милиона становника Новог Зеланда. Након златних грозница током 1860-их у раним фазама насељавања земље Пакехама (Европљанима), Јужно острво је имало већину европског становништва и богатства. Популација Северног острва претекла је јужно острво почетком 20. века, са 56% становништва Новог Зеланда које је живело на Северном острву 1911. Насељавање људи и предузећа на северу се наставило и током двадесетог века.^[4]

Географија

Референце

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3. Meier, Cecile (10. 9. 2015). „South Island the true Mainland: Cecile Meier”. Stuff.co.nz (на језику: енглески). Приступљено 13. 4. 2020.CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)
4. King, Michael (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland: Penguin Books. стр. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-14-301867-4.

Литература

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• Giselle, Byrnes (2009). „Nation and Migration: Postcolonial Perspectives”. New Zealand Journal of History: 123—132.
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• Gwen, Parsons (2013-11-06). The New Zealand Home Front during World War One and World War Two. History Compass. стр. 419—428.
• Christopher, Pugsley (2004). The ANZAC experience: New Zealand, Australia and Empire in the First World War.
• JVT, Baker (1965). War Economy. NZ official history
• Deborah, Montgomerie (2001). The Women's War: New Zealand Women 1939–45. argues that the Second World War was not a major turning point in the status of women
• Gwen, Parsons (2013). The New Zealand Home Front during World War One and World War Two. History Compass. стр. 419—428. online
• M, Taylor Nancy (1986). „The Home Front”. NZ official history. I.
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• Terry, Austrin; Farnsworth, John (2009). Assembling Histories: J. G. A. Pocock, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the British World. History Compass. стр. 1286—1302.
• Ballantyne, Tony (2009). „Culture and Colonization: Revisiting the Place of Writing in Colonial New Zealand”. The Journal of New Zealand Studies. This essay offers an overview of recent historical writing on colonialism.
• Ballantyne, Tony (2011). „On Place, Space and Mobility in Nineteenth Century New Zealand”. The New Zealand Journal of History. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 09. 2011. г. Приступљено 22. 08. 2021.CS1 одржавање: Неподобан URL (веза) This examines national history and its limits.
• Philippa, Hunter (2011). „Disturbing History's Identity in the New Zealand Curriculum to Free Up Historical Thinking”. Curriculum Matters. 7.
• Katie, Pickles (2011). „The Obvious and the Awkward: Postcolonialism and the British World”. New Zealand Journal of History: 85—101. looks at metropole and colony
• Jacob, Pollock (2007). „Cultural Colonization and Textual Biculturalism”. New Zealand Journal of History: 180—198. „Compares the approaches in James Belich's Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders. From Polynesian Settlement to the End of the Nineteenth Century (1996) and Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders. From the 1880s to the Year 2000 (2001) with those of Michael King's The Penguin History of New Zealand (2003). Responding to Maori arguments that the colonial narrative of Pakeha history was a device to privilege the legitimacy of British colonisation, Belich wrote a radically bicultural story. He says the two peoples—both immigrants—developed their mother cultures inside New Zealand. King takes a more traditional approach that portrays a new unified state in which there are not two distinct and equal cultures but two principal varieties of New Zealanders.”
• The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. „As well as all the Prime Ministers, Māori chiefs, early settlers and sporting legends, this also includes con artists, adventurers and other lesser known but interesting characters from New Zealand's past.”
• Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. „A work still in progress, this will eventually offer short but comprehensive snapshots of most aspects of New Zealand, past and present.”
• An authoritative and fairly comprehensive online source. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
• „The New Zealand Journal of History”. complete texts of scholarly articles and book reviews; quarterly since 1967
• The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. 1897. Encyclopedia covering people, organisations and places.

• Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War. 50-volume set now digitised by the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
• Campaign histories and the regimental histories covering New Zealand's involvement in the First World War. variety of authors, digitised by the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre.
• „New Zealand history”. New Zealand Electronic Text Centre.
• The Year-book of the Imperial Institute of the United Kingdom, the colonies and India: a statistical record of the resources and trade of the colonial and Indian possessions of the British Empire (2nd изд.). New Zealand. 1893. стр. 719—754.
• New Zealand Official Yearbook, annual 1893–2008. Архивирано из оригинала 25. 03. 2012. г. Приступљено 22. 08. 2021.CS1 одржавање: Неподобан URL (веза)
• Fraser Lyndon; Katie Pickles, ур. (2002). Shifting Centres: Women and Migration in New Zealand History. U. of Otago Press. personal accounts, mostly after 1945
• McIntyre W. David; W. J. Gardner, ур. (1971). Speeches and Documents on New Zealand History.
• Alison, Parr (2010). Home: Civilian New Zealanders Remember the Second World War.
• Simpson Tony, ур. (2009). The Sugarbag Years: An Oral History of the 1930s Depression in New Zealand.

Спољашње везе

• New Zealand in History – an overview of pre-historic, colonial and modern periods.
• Catholic Encyclopedia – entry on New Zealand from the 1911 edition
• New Zealand Official Yearbook annual 1893–2008
• Waitangi Treaty Grounds website
• NZHistory.net.nz – New Zealand history website from the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, including an ever-growing number of multimedia features on a wide range of topics.
• Early New Zealand Books Collection – 260 searchable books 1805–1870
• New Zealand Journal of History Архивирано на сајту (15. октобар 2023) – 1967– except latest issues
• Map of Early 19th Century Missions in New Zealand Архивирано на сајту (22. април 2021)