い

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い U+3044, い HIRAGANA LETTER I ← ぃ [U+3043] Hiragana ぅ → [U+3045]

Јапански

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Етимологија 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 以 in the cursive sōsho style.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): [i]

Syllable

い (romaji Script error: The function "kana_to_romaji" does not exist.)

1. The hiragana syllable い (i). Its equivalent in katakana is イ (i). It is the други syllable in the gojūon order; its position is あ行い段 (a-gyō i-dan, 「row a, section i」).

See also

• (Хирагана) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, ゆゅ, よょ, ら, り, る, れ, ろ, わゎ, ゐ, ゑ, を, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

Етимологија 2

Corruption of emphatic particle よ (yo) or exclamatory particle や (ya).^[1]

Particle

い (i) 

1. Used in compounds with certain sentence-ending particles to create a familiar effect.

   だ (da) → だい (dai)

   か (ka) → かい (kai)

2. Used in compounds with certain sentence-ending particles to create an exclamatory effect.

   わ (wa) → わい (wai)

   ぞ (zo) → ぞい (zoi)

   や (ya) → やい (yai)

3. Used after verbs to create an exclamatory effect.

   勝(かっ)手(て)にしろい！

   Katte ni shiroi!

   Have it your way!

Alternative forms

• (dated) え (e)

Етимологија 3

From Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with Корејски nominal particle 이 (i).

Used in Old Japanese, still found in use in Chinese works annotated for Japanese readers of Early Middle Japanese in the early Heian period, then becoming more limited and appearing only in specialized Buddhist texts. Fallen into disuse by the late Heian period from the time of so-called 「cloistered rule」.^[2][3]

Obsolete. Not used in modern Japanese.

Particle

い (i) 

1. (obsolete) emphatic subject marker, added to nouns and verb stems
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 545)

     吾背子之 跡履求 追去者 木乃関守伊 將留鴨

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 12, poem 3161)

     在千方 在名草目而 行目友 家有妹伊 將鬱悒

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 13, poem 3287)

     乾坤乃 神乎禱而 吾戀 公以必 不相在目八方

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3393)

     筑波祢乃 乎弖毛許能母尓 毛利敝須恵 波播已毛禮杼母 多麻曾阿比尓家留

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 6)

     京職大夫從三位藤原朝臣麻呂等伊負圖龜一頭獻止

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 12)

     聞看食國中能東方陸奧國守從五位上百濟王敬福伊部內少田郡仁黃金出在奏弖獻

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict 34)

     然後仁逆心乎以天朝庭乎動傾止之天兵乎備流時仁和氣伊申天在

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (obsolete) emphatic phrase-final particle, emphasizing preceding phrase
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 481)

     白細之 袖指可倍弖 靡寢 吾黒髪乃 真白髪尓 成極新世尓 共將有跡 玉緒乃 不絶射妹跡 結而石 事者不果 [...]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 7, poem 1359)

     向岳之 若楓木 下杖取 花待伊間尓 嘆鶴鴨

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 10, poem 1851)

     青柳之 糸乃細紗 春風尓 不亂伊間尓 令視子裳欲得

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (obsolete) unbound nominalizing suffix:

   Examples: 木 (ko, 「tree」, bound form, only found in compounds) + i → 木 (ki, 「tree」, standalone form), 高 (taka, 「height」, bound form) + i → 丈 (take, 「height」, standalone form), 火 (ho, 「fire」, bound form) + i → 火 (hi, 「fire」, standalone form)

Derived terms

• あるいは (arui wa)
• いは (iwa)
• いし (ishi)
• いも (imo)

Етимологија 3

An extension of use of the -i ending on adjectives.

Suffix

い (-i) -i (adverbial く (-ku))

1. (informal) suffix forming adjectives: -ic; -al

   チャラチャラ (charachara, 「onomatopoeia for jingling」) → チャラい (charai, 「flashy」)

Inflection

Inflection of いい

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	かろ	karo
Continuative (連用形)	く	ku
Terminal (終止形)	い	i
Attributive (連體形)	い	i
Hypothetical (仮定形)	けれ	kere
Imperative (命令形)	かれ	kare
Key constructions
Informal negative	くない	ku nai
Informal past	かった	katta
Informal negative past	くなかった	ku nakatta
Formal	いです	i desu
Formal negative	くないです	ku nai desu
Formal past	かったです	katta desu
Formal negative past	くなかったです	ku nakatta desu
Conjunctive	くて	kute
Conditional	ければ	kereba
Provisional	かったら	kattara
Volitional	かろう	karō
Adverbial	く	ku
Degree	さ	sa

Etymology 4

За изговор и дефиниције い – see the following entries: 醫, 委, 意, 以, 衣, 位, 囲, 胃, 易, 移, 異, 遺, 依, 為, 畏, 威, 唯, 維, 萎, 椅, 彙, 偉, 違, 緯, 尉, 慰, 已, 伊, 夷, 怡, 帷, 蝟, 縊, 姨, 彝, 扆

(The following entries are uncreated: 醫, 委, 意, 以, 衣, 位, 囲, 胃, 易, 移, 異, 遺, 依, 為, 畏, 威, 唯, 維, 萎, 椅, 彙, 偉, 違, 緯, 尉, 慰, 已, 伊, 夷, 怡, 帷, 蝟, 縊, 姨, 彝, 扆.)

Етимологија 5

From various Japonic origins.

За изговор и дефиниције い – see the following entries: 井, 亥, 堰, 居, 寢, 膽, 豬, 藺, 五, 五十, 斎, 汝, 汝

(The following entries are uncreated: 井, 亥, 堰, 居, 寢, 膽, 豬, 藺, 五, 五十, 斎, 汝, 汝.)

References

1. 1995, 大辭泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN  4-09-501211-0
2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 國語大辭典（新裝版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
3. 2006, 大辭林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9

• Kurano, Kenji with Yūkichi Takeda (1958) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Kojiki, Norito, Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
• Kurano, Kenji (1936) Shoku Nihongi Senmyō (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
• Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man』yōshū 1 (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.
• Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 2: Man』yōshū 2 (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2000, →ISBN.
• c. 759, Man'yōshū

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