Muhammad al-Fatih

Méhméd II (Turki Usmani: محمد ثانى, Meḥmed-i s̠ānī; Basa Turki: II. Mehmet palapalan Turki: [ˈmeh.met]; ogé katelah Muhammad al-Fatih, al-Fātiḥ, الفاتح, "Ki Panaluk" dina Turki Usmani; dina basa Turki modérn, Fatih Sultan Mehmet; ogé disebut Mahomet II^[1][2] di Éropa modérn mimiti), ogé disebut Muhammed bin Murad, Mehmed the Conqueror, jeung Fatih Sultan Mehmed^[3] (30 Maret 1432 – 3 Méi 1481), sultan Usmani anu mimitina ngawasa sakeudeung ti Agustus 1444 nepi ka Séptémber 1446, satuluyna ti Pébruari 1451 nepi ka Méi 1481. Dina umur 21, anjeunna nalukkeun Konstantinopel (Istanbul kiwari) sarta sakaligus nganggeusan Kakaisaran Bizantium. Méhméd neruskeun patalukanana ka Anatolia jeung Éropa Tenggara nepi ka Bosnia. Méhméd dijadikeun pahlawan ku Turki kiwari sarta dunya Muslim sacara umum. Salaku pangéling-éling, ngaranna dipaké pikeun Rawayan Fatih Sultan Méhmét di Istanbul, Universitas Fatih, Fatih College,^[4] jeung Masjid Fatih.

Early reign

Méhméd II diwastu di Edirne, 1451

Méhméd II gumelar 30 Maret 1432 di Edirne, anu satuluyna bakal jadi dayeuhna Kasultanan Utsmani. Ayahna Sultan Murad II (1404–51), indungna Hüma Hatun, gumelar di Devrekani, Kastamonu.

Nincak umur sawelas taun, ngarah pangalaman, Méhméd II dikirim ka Amasya pikeun mingpin éta wewengkon, sakumaha galibna pangawasa Utsmani jaman harita. Sanggeus Murad II nyieun kasapukan damé jeung Amirat Karaman di Anatolia Agustus 1444, kakawasaan dipasrahkeun ka Méhméd II anu karék nincak umur dua welas taun. Kituna téh bari diaping ku sababaraha guru.^[5]

Baca ogé

Sultan Méhméd II asup ka Konstantinopel, lukisan karya Fausto Zonaro (1854-1929)

Umum

Sultan, Kakaisaran Bizantium, Kasultanan Usmani

Patempatan

Turki, Rawayan Sultan Méhméd Fatih

Bacaan salajengna

• Babinger, Franz, Mehmed the Conqueror and his Time. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-691-01078-1
• İnalcık; Halil, Review of Mehmed the Conqueror and his Time Archived 2015-09-24 di Wayback Machine
• Dwight, Harrison Griswold, Constantinople, Old and New. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1915
• Hamlin, Cyrus, Among the Turks. New York: R. Carter & Bros, 1878
• Harris, Jonathan, The End of Byzantium. New Haven CT and London: Yale University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-300-11786-8
• Imber, Colin, The Ottoman Empire. London: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002. ISBN 0-333-61387-2
• Philippides, Marios, Emperors, Patriarchs, and Sultans of Constantinople, 1373-1513: An Anonymous Greek Chronicle of the Sixteenth Century. Brookline MA: Hellenic College Press, 1990. ISBN 0-917653-16-5
• Nehme, Lina Murr, 1453, Mahomet II impose le Schisme Orthodoxe. Lebanon, Aleph & Taw, 2003. ISBN 2-86839-816-2.