Дванадцять імамів

Дванадцять імамів є духовними та політичними спадкоємцями Мухаммеда, Пророка ісламу, в імамітській гілці шиїтського ісламу.^[1]

Список імамів

Номер	Сучасне зображення	Ім'я (Повністю/ Кунья)	Титул (Арабський/ Турецький)[2]	Дата Народження Смерті (н. е./AH)[3]	Важливість	Місце народження	Причина і місце смерті та місце поховання[4]
1		Алі ібн Абі Таліб علي بن أبي طالب Абу аль Хасан أبو الحسن	Амір Аль Мумінін (Командир Сповнених Віри)[5] Биринчи Ali[6]	600–661[5] 23(до Хіджри)–40[7]	Перший імам і повноправний спадкоємець Мухаммеда для всіх шиїтів. Втім, суніти також визнають його як четвертого каліфа.Він займає високу позицію у майже всіх суфістських орденах. Члени цих орденів ведуть свій родовід від Мухаммеда через нього. [5]	Мекка, Саудівська Аравія[5]	Асасинований Абд аль Рахманом ібн Мулжамо, хариджитом, у Куфі, який зарубав його отруєним мечем під час молитви.[5][8] Похований в мечеті імама Алі в Наджафі, Ірак.
2		Хасан ібн Алі حسن بن علي Абу Мухаммед أبو محمد	al-Mujtaba (Обраний) Ikinci Ali[6]	624–670[9] 3–50[10]	Він був сином дочки Мухамеда, Фатіми аз-Захра, найстаршим з онуків Мухамеда, що вижили. Хасан успадкував від батька посаду каліфа Куфи, і на основі мирного договору з Муаві І він відмовився від контролю над Іраком, після семимісячного правління.[11]	Медіна, Саудівська Аравія[9]	Отруєний дружиною у Медіні, за наказом каліфа Муаві.[12] Похований на цвинтарі Джанат аль-Бакі в Медіні.
3		Хусейн ібн Алі حسین بن علي Abu Abdillah أبو عبدالله	Sayyid ash-Shuhada (Master of the Marytrs) Ūçüncü Ali[6]	626–680[13] 4–61[14]	He was a grandson of Muhammad and brother of Hasan ibn Ali. Husayn opposed the validity of Caliph Yazid I. As a result, he and his family were later killed in the Battle of Karbala by Yazid's forces. After this incident, the commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali has become a central ritual in Shi'a identity.[13][15]	Medina, Saudi Arabia[13]	Killed and beheaded at the Battle of Karbala.[13] Buried at the Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala, Iraq.
4		Ali ibn Husayn علي بن الحسین Abu Muhammad أبو محمد	al-Sajjad, Zayn al-'Abidin (One who constantly Prostrates, Ornament of the Worshippers) [16] Dorduncu Ali[6]	658/9[16] – 712[17] 38[16]–95[17]	Author of prayers in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, which is known as "The Psalm of the Household of the Prophet."[17]	Medina, Saudi Arabia[16]	According to most Shi'a scholars, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph al-Walid I in Medina, Saudi Arabia.[17] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi, Medina.
5		Muhammad ibn Ali محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far أبو جعفر	Baqir al-Ulum (The Revealer of Knowledge) [18] Besinci Ali[6]	677–732[18] 57–114[18]	Sunni and Shi'a sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent legal scholars, teaching many students during his tenure.[18][19]	Medina, Saudi Arabia[18]	According to some Shi'a scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.[17] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
6		Ja'far ibn Muhammad جعفر بن محمد Abu Abdillah أبو عبدالله	as-Sadiq[20] (The Honest) Altinci Ali[6]	702–765[20] 83–148[20]	Established the Ja'fari jurisprudence and developed the Theology of Shi'a. He instructed many scholars in different fields, including Abu Hanifah and Malik ibn Anas in fiqh, Wasil ibn Ata and Hisham ibn Hakam in Islamic theology, and Jābir ibn Hayyān in science and alchemy.[20][21][22]	Medina, Saudi Arabia[20]	According to Shi'a sources, he was poisoned in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Al-Mansur.[20] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
7		Musa ibn Ja'far موسی بن جعفر Abu al-Hasan I أبو الحسن الاول[23]	al-Kazim[24] (The Calm One) Yedinci Ali[6]	744–799[24] 128–183[24]	Leader of the Shi'a community during the schism of Ismaili and other branches after the death of the former Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq.[25] He established the network of agents who collected khums in the Shi'a community of the Middle East and the Greater Khorasan.He holds a high position in Mahdavia; the members of these orders trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.[26]	Medina, Saudi Arabia[24]	Ув'язнений і отруєний у Багдаді, Ірак за наказом халіфа Гаруна ар-Рашида, відповідно до шиітських вірувань. Buried in the Kazimayn shrine in Baghdad, Iraq.[24]
8		Ali ibn Musa علي بن موسی Abu al-Hasan II أبو الحسن الثانی[23]	ar-Rida, Reza[27] (The Pleasing One) Sekizinci Ali[6]	765–817[27] 148–203[27]	Made crown-prince by Caliph Al-Ma'mun, and famous for his discussions with both Muslim and non-Muslim religious scholars.[27]	Medina, Saudi Arabia[27]	According to Shi'a sources, he was poisoned in Mashad, Iran on the order of Caliph Al-Ma'mun. Buried in the Imam Reza shrine in Mashad, Iran.[27]
9		Muhammad ibn 'Ali محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far أبو جعفر	al-Taqi, al-Jawad[28] (The God-Fearing, The Generous) Dokuzuncu Ali[6]	810–835[28] 195–220[28]	Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by the Abbasid caliphate.	Medina, Saudi Arabia[28]	Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, in Baghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tasim, according to Shi'ite sources. Buried in the Kazmain shrine in Baghdad, Iraq.[28]
10		Ali ibn Muhammad علي بن محمد Abu al-Hasan III أبو الحسن الثالث[29]	al-Hadi, al-Naqi[29] (The Guide, The Pure One) Onuncu Ali[6]	827–868[29] 212–254[29]	Strengthened the network of deputies in the Shi'a community. He sent them instructions, and received in turn financial contributions of the faithful from the khums and religious vows.[29]	Surayya, a village near Medina, Saudi Arabia[29]	According to Shi'a sources, he was poisoned in Samarra, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tazz.[30] Buried in the Al Askari Mosque in Samarra, Iraq.
11		Hasan ibn Ali الحسن بن علي Abu Muhammad أبو محمد	al-Askari[31] (The Citizen of a Garrision Town) Onbirinci Ali[6]	846–874[31] 232–260[31]	For most of his life, the Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mu'tamid, placed restrictions on him after the death of his father. Repression of the Shi'ite population was particularly high at the time due to their large size and growing power.[32]	Medina, Saudi Arabia[31]	According to Shi'a, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tamid in Samarra, Iraq. Buried in Al Askari Mosque in Samarra, Iraq.[33]
12		Muhammad ibn al-Hasan محمد بن الحسن Abu al-Qasim أبو القاسم	al-Mahdi, Hidden Imam, al-Hujjah[34] (The Guided One, The Proof) Onikinci Ali[6]	868–unknown[35] 255–unknown[35]	According to Twelver Shi'ite, doctrine, he is an actual historical personality and is the current Imam and the promised Mahdi, a messianic figure who will return with Christ. He will reestablish the rightful governance of Islam and replete the earth with justice and peace.[36]	Samarra, Iraq[35]	According to Shi'a doctrine, he has been living in the Occultation since 872, and will continue as long as God wills it.[35]