实地调研

实地调研（field research），又称实地研究（field study），为对于描述原始资料搜集的概括术语，其所应用的领域包括民俗学、考古学、生物学、生态学、环境科学、地理学、地质学、地形学、地球物理学、古生物学、人类学、语言学、哲学、建筑学以及社会学等自然或社会科学领域。与其他在实验室准控制状态下环境的研究相比，实地调查主要于野外实地进行。^[1]

水生生物学家在德国一条小溪旁边进行实地考察，采集底栖动物样本

1993年，在汉他病毒实地研究期间，美国疾病控制与预防中心一位科学家从捕获的啮齿目动物身上采集样本

根据研究对象的生亡与否，以及它们的存在地点位于居住栖息地或埋于土下，实地调查的实质内容也会有所差别。化石与考古遗址的发掘均包含实地工作，其他如访问或观察人们以学习他们的语言、民俗、和他们的社会结构等过程也都包含在内。某些状况，尤其是研究的主题为人类本身的时候，工作的拟定必须再经过设计，以避免观察者效应或是过度理论化、过于理想化该实质文化活动的风险。

野外调查的项目

• 采访记录
• 拍摄记录
• 翻制记录
• 整理消化

注释

1. Burgess, Robert G., In the Field: An Introduction to Field Research (Hemel Hempstead, U.K.: George Allen & Unwin, 1984) at 1.

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