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乔治·巴斯
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乔治·弗莱彻·巴斯(英语:George Fletcher Bass,1932年12月9日—2021年3月2日)是美国考古学家。他是水下考古的早期实践者,在1960年他参与共同指挥了第一次水下考古作业,彻底挖掘了格利多尼亚角(Cape Gelidonya)的一艘沉船,并于1972年成立了航海考古研究所(Institute of Nautical Archaeology)。
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生平
巴斯1932年12月9日出生于南卡罗来纳州哥伦比亚,他的父亲是英国文学教授罗伯特·邓肯·巴斯(Robert Duncan Bass),母亲是作家维吉尼亚·沃乔普(Virginia Wauchope),[1][2][3]他的叔叔是考古学家罗伯特·沃乔普(Robert Wauchope)。[4]在第二次世界大战中,他的父亲在美国海军服役,并在美国海军学院教授英语。[3][5]
巴斯少年时对天文学和海洋感兴趣,并为第一个使用两栖飞行器环游世界的人——冒险家本·卡林打零工。[5]高中毕业后,他开始在约翰·霍普金斯大学攻读英语专业,大学中他去了英格兰埃克塞特大学进行交流,但因恶作剧而被停学。在停学途中他去了西西里岛旅行,并对考古学产生了兴趣。[5]回到约翰·霍普金斯大学后,他改换了专业,并于1955年获得了大学考古学硕士学位。[4][5]之后他去希腊,在雅典美国古典研究学院(American School of Classical Studies at Athens)学习,同时发掘Gordion遗址。[5][6]1957年他在韩国服兵役。[5]
1960年,巴斯收到考古学家罗德尼·杨的邀请进行第一次考古——挖掘位于希腊格利多尼亚角的一艘古代沉船,为此巴斯学习了潜水。[5]在考古中他与琼·普拉特·泰勒共同指挥。 巴斯成为联合导演,与探险队的琼·普拉特·泰勒(Joan du Plat Taylor)并肩作战。[5][7][8]1960年代,他发掘了青铜时代,古典时代和拜占庭时期的沉船。[5]1964年,他在宾夕法尼亚大学获得古典考古学博士学位,并在该大学任职多年。[6]
1972年,巴斯成立了航海考古研究所。[9]之后他成为德克萨斯农工大学的教授,担任海洋考古学系主任。[10]
1960年,巴斯与钢琴家Ann Singletary结婚,他们有两个儿子。[11]
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获得奖项
著作
- Beneath the Seven Seas : Adventures with the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (London : Thames & Hudson, 2005) ISBN 0-500-05136-4, OCLC 60667939
- Archaeology Under Water by George Fletcher Bass (New York, Praeger, 1966), OCLC 387479
- Archaeology Beneath the Sea by George Fletcher Bass (New York : Walker, 1975) ISBN 0-8027-0477-8, OCLC 1414901
- Ancient ships in Bodrum by George Fletcher Bass (Istanbul: Boyut, 2012) ISBN 9789752310315, OCLC 880980693
- A History of Seafaring Based on Underwater Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (New York, Walker, 1972) ISBN 0802703909, OCLC 508334
- Ships and Shipwrecks of the Americas: a history based on underwater archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (New York, N.Y. : Thames and Hudson, 1988) ISBN 0-500-05049-X, OCLC 18759167
- Cape Gelidonya: a Bronze Age Shipwreck by George Fletcher Bass (Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1967), OCLC 953382
- Navi e Civiltà : Archeologia Marina by George Fletcher Bass (Milano : Fratelli Fabri, 1974), OCLC 8201972
- Yassi Ada by George Fletcher Bass and Frederick H Van Doorninck (College Station : Published with the cooperation of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by Texas A&M University Press, ©1982) ISBN 0-89096-063-1, OCLC 7925092
- Geschiedenis van de scheepvaart weerspiegeld in de scheepsarcheologie by George Fletcher Bass (Bussum : Unieboek, 1973) ISBN 90-228-1908-6, OCLC 64115385
- Serce Limani, vol. 1: the ship and its anchorage, crew, and passengers by George Fletcher Bass and others (College Station: Published with the cooperation of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by Texas A&M University Press, 2004) ISBN 0-89096-947-7, OCLC 56457232
- Beneath the wine dark sea : nautical archaeology and the Phoenicians of the Odyssey by George F Bass, OCLC 41174856
- A diversified program for the study of shallow water searching and mapping techniques by George F Bass; Donald M Rosencrantz; United States Dept. of Navy, Office of Naval Research; University of Pennsylvania, University Museum (Philadelphia, Pa.: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1968), OCLC 61423407
- Glass treasure from the Aegean by George Fletcher Bass (Washington: National Geographic Society, 1978), OCLC 13594255
- Shipwrecks in the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass and Bodrum Sualtı Arkeoloji Müzesi (Bodrum : Museum of Underwater Archaeology, 1996) ISBN 975-17-1605-5, OCLC 35759537
- New tools for undersea archeology by George Fletcher Bass (v. 134, no. 3 (Sept. 1968) (Washington, D.C. : National Geographic Society, ©1968), OCLC 57758351
- Archäologie unter Wasser by George Fletcher Bass (Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 1966), OCLC 73584270
- Marine archaeology: a misunderstood science by George Fletcher Bass (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, ©1980), OCLC 13598481
- Tesori in fondo al mare by George Fletcher Bass (Milano: Sonzogno, 1981), OCLC 46996362
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参考资料
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