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单家蚁属

蚁科的一属昆虫 来自维基百科，自由的百科全书

單家蟻屬
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单家蚁属（学名：Monomorium）又称小家蚁属，为家蚁亚科。共有 302 个现生物种和 3 个化石物种[1]。世界广布，尤其是旧世界的热带地区[2]。单家蚁属包含一些恶名昭彰的害虫，如法老小家蚁 (M. pharaonis ) 和花居小家蚁 (M. floricola )[3]。

事实速览 单家蚁属, 科学分类 ...
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物种描述

该属形态及体型变异较大[3]。有些物种工蚁单型，有些多型。有些物种工蚁体型小，有些体型大。大部分物种具有大且由多个小眼组成的复眼，但 M. inusuale 和一些非洲的物种的复眼较为退化。具有功能正常的螫针[4]。

分类学

单家蚁属包含很多物种，是一个庞大的属，在 2007 年时， Nothidris、Epelysidris 和 Phacota 被同物异名为单家蚁属[4]，作者同时也推测 Anillomyrma（英语：Anillomyrma）、Megalomyrmex（英语：Megalomyrmex） 和 Bondroita 可能也为单家蚁属[4]。

如何精准界定该属尚无定论。单家蚁没有明显可以将其与火家蚁族其他成员区分开来的特征。如果以支序学角度严谨的说，整个火家蚁族都该被纳入火家蚁属，但火家蚁族并没有明显的共衍征。单家蚁属目前是并系群，是一个临时类群，未来还需整理，其他的临时类群包含巨山蚁属和窄胸家蚁属 (Leptothorax )[5]。

习性

大部分物种居住在朽木、石头下或土壤中[2]。有些物种为清除者，有些则取食种子[6]。大部分物种具有含生物碱的毒液，可用以抵御天敌[7]。除了形态变异外，该属染色体对数也多变，从 16 对至 70 对 (2n) 皆有纪录[8]。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

  • Monomorium abeillei Andre, 1881
  • Monomorium aberrans Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium abyssinicum (Forel, 1894)
  • Monomorium acutinode Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
  • Monomorium adiastolon Heterick
  • Monomorium advena Brown & Wilson, 1957
  • Monomorium affabile Santschi, 1926
  • Monomorium afrc
  • Monomorium afrum Andre, 1884
  • Monomorium aithoderum
  • Monomorium alamarum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium albipes
  • Monomorium albopilosum Emery, 1895
  • Monomorium algiricum (Bernard, 1955)
  • Monomorium altinode Santschi, 1910
  • Monomorium ambvky
  • Monomorium anceps Emery, 1895
  • Monomorium andrei Saunders, 1890
  • Monomorium angustinode Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium annamense Donisthorpe, 1941
  • Monomorium antarcticum (Smith, 1858)
  • Monomorium antipodum Forel, 1901
  • Monomorium aper Emery, 1914
  • Monomorium arboreum Weber, 1943
  • Monomorium areniphilum Santschi, 1911
  • Monomorium armstrongi McAreavey, 1949
  • Monomorium arnoldi Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium atomum Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium aureorugosum Heterick
  • Monomorium australe Emery, 1886
  • Monomorium australicum Forel, 1907
  • Monomorium baal Wheeler & Mann, 1916
  • Monomorium balathir Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium banksi Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium barbatulum Mayr, 1877
  • Monomorium basale
  • Monomorium bequaerti Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium bevisi Arnold, 1944
  • Monomorium bicolor Emery, 1877
  • Monomorium bicorne Forel, 1907
  • Monomorium bifidoclypeatum Heterick
  • Monomorium bifidum
  • Monomorium bimaculatum Wheeler, 1928
  • Monomorium binatu Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium biroi Forel, 1907
  • Monomorium biroianum Bolton, 1995
  • Monomorium bodenheimeri Menozzi, 1929
  • Monomorium boerorum Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium bogischi Wheeler, 1917
  • Monomorium boltoni Espadaler & Agosti, 1987
  • Monomorium borlei Santschi, 1937
  • Monomorium brasiliense Forel, 1908
  • 布朗氏小家蚁 Monomorium braunsi Mayr, 1901
  • Monomorium broomense Forel, 1915
  • Monomorium broschorum Sparks
  • Monomorium butteli Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium buxtoni Crawley, 1920
  • Monomorium capeyork Sparks
  • Monomorium captator Santschi, 1936
  • Monomorium carbo Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium carbonarium (Smith, 1858)
  • Monomorium centrale Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium chilensis
  • 中华小家蚁 Monomorium chinense Santschi, 1925
  • Monomorium chnodes Heterick
  • Monomorium chobauti (Emery, 1896)
  • Monomorium clarinodis Heterick
  • Monomorium clavicorne Andre, 1881
  • Monomorium coecum
  • Monomorium compressum Wheeler, 1914
  • Monomorium consternens (Walker, 1859)
  • Monomorium crawleyi Santschi, 1930
  • Monomorium creticum (Emery, 1908)
  • Monomorium criniceps (Mayr, 1879)
  • Monomorium cristatum
  • Monomorium croceiventre Emery, 1914
  • Monomorium cryptobium (Santschi, 1921)
  • Monomorium cyaneum Wheeler, 1914
  • Monomorium dakarense Santschi, 1914
  • Monomorium damarense Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium decuria
  • Monomorium delabiei
  • Monomorium delagoense Forel, 1894
  • Monomorium demisum Santschi, 1936
  • Monomorium dentatum
  • Monomorium denticulatum Mayr
  • Monomorium denticulum Heterick
  • Monomorium dentigerum (Roger, 1862)
  • Monomorium destructor (Jerdon, 1851)
  • Monomorium dichroum Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium dictator Santschi, 1937
  • Monomorium dilatatum Bernard, 1977
  • Monomorium disertum Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium disoriente Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium dispar
  • Monomorium dolatu Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium donisthorpei Crawley, 1915
  • Monomorium drapenum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium draxocum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium ebangaense Santschi, 1937
  • Monomorium ebeninum Forel, 1891
  • Monomorium edentatum Emery, 1897
  • Monomorium effractor Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium egens Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium elghazalyi Sharaf & Aldawood, 2017
  • Monomorium elgonense (Santschi, 1935)
  • Monomorium elongatum Smith, 1876
  • Monomorium emarginatum DuBois, 1986
  • Monomorium emeryi Mayr, 1895
  • Monomorium epinotale Santschi, 1923
  • Monomorium eremoides Sparks
  • Monomorium eremum Sparks
  • Monomorium ergatogyna Wheeler, 1904
  • Monomorium esharre Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium euryodon
  • Monomorium evansi Donisthorpe, 1918
  • Monomorium excelsior Arnold, 1926
  • Monomorium excensurae Forel, 1915
  • Monomorium exchao Santschi, 1926
  • Monomorium exiguum Forel, 1894
  • Monomorium falcatum (McAreavey, 1949)
  • Monomorium fasciatum Santschi, 1920
  • Monomorium fastidium Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium fayfaense Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
  • Monomorium ferodens Heterick
  • Monomorium fezzanense Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
  • Monomorium fieldi Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium firmum Santschi, 1926
  • Monomorium fisheri Heterick
  • Monomorium flavigaster (Clark, 1938)
  • Monomorium flavimembra Heterick
  • Monomorium flavipes Clark, 1938
  • Monomorium flavum Collingwood, 1961
  • Monomorium floricola (Jerdon, 1851)
  • Monomorium forcipatum Emery, 1914
  • Monomorium foreli Viehmeyer, 1914
  • Monomorium fraterculum Santschi, 1919
  • Monomorium fridae Forel, 1905
  • Monomorium fugelanum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium fulvum
  • Monomorium gabrielense Forel, 1916
  • Monomorium geminum Sparks
  • Monomorium gilberti Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium glabrum (Andre, 1883)
  • Monomorium gongromos Heterick
  • Monomorium gracillimum Smith
  • Monomorium grassei (Tohme, 1980)
  • Monomorium guillarmodi Arnold, 1946
  • Monomorium guineense (Bernard, 1953)
  • Monomorium hanaqe Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
  • Monomorium hanneli Forel, 1907
  • Monomorium hannonis Santschi, 1910
  • Monomorium havilandi Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium heggyi Sharaf, Mohamed, Boudinot, Wetterer, Hita Garcia, Dhafer & Aldawood, 2021
  • Monomorium hemame Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
  • Monomorium hercules Viehmeyer, 1923
  • Monomorium herero Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium hertogi Sparks
  • Monomorium hesperium Emery, 1915
    • Monomorium hesperium lanzarotense Wheeler, W.M., 1927
  • Monomorium hildebrandti Forel, 1892
  • Monomorium hirsutum Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium hiten Terayama, 1996
  • Monomorium hoffmanni Sparks
  • Monomorium holothir Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium hospitum Viehmeyer, 1916
  • Monomorium howense Wheeler, 1927
  • Monomorium humilior Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium ilgii Forel, 1894
  • Monomorium ilium Forel, 1907
  • Monomorium imerinense Forel, 1892
  • Monomorium impexum Wheeler, 1928
  • Monomorium indet
  • Monomorium indicum Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium infuscum Heterick
  • Monomorium inquietum Santschi, 1926
  • Monomorium inquilinum DuBois, 1981
  • Monomorium insolescens Wheeler, 1934
  • Monomorium insulare Clark, 1938
  • Monomorium integrum
  • 黑腹小家蚁 Monomorium intrudens Smith, 1874
    • 皮氏小家蚁 Monomorium intrudens pieli Santschi,1925
  • Monomorium inusuale
  • Monomorium invidium Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium iyenasu Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium jacksoni Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium jonesi Arnold, 1952
  • Monomorium jucundum Sant.
  • Monomorium junodi Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium katir Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium kelapre Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium kempi Mukerjee, 1930
  • Monomorium khalidi Sharaf, Mohamed, Boudinot, Wetterer, Hita Garcia, Dhafer & Aldawood, 2021
  • Monomorium kidman Sparks
  • Monomorium kiliani Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium kineti Weber, 1943
  • Monomorium kitectum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium kondratieffi Sharaf & Aldawood, 2013
  • Monomorium kugitangi Dlussky, 1990
  • Monomorium kugleri Radchenko & Perkovsky, 2009
  • Monomorium kusnezovi Santschi, 1928
  • Monomorium laeve Mayr, 1876
  • Monomorium lameerei (Forel, 1902)
  • Monomorium latastei Emery
  • Monomorium latinode Mayr, 1872
  • Monomorium latinodoides Wheeler, 1928
  • Monomorium leae Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium leda Forel, 1915
  • Monomorium legulum
  • Monomorium lene Santschi, 1920
  • Monomorium leopoldinum Forel, 1905
  • Monomorium lepidum Heterick
  • Monomorium libanicum Tohme, 1980
  • Monomorium liliuokalanii Forel, 1899
  • Monomorium lindbergi Pisarski, 1967
  • Monomorium longi Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium longiceps Wheeler, 1934
  • Monomorium longinode
  • Monomorium longipes Emery, 1914
  • Monomorium longiusculum
  • Monomorium lubricum Arnold, 1948
  • Monomorium luisae Forel, 1904
  • Monomorium luteum Emery, 1881
  • Monomorium macareaveyi (Ettershank, 1966)
  • Monomorium macrops Arnold, 1944
  • Monomorium madecassum Forel, 1892
  • Monomorium major Bernard, 1953
  • Monomorium malamixtum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium malatu Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium mandibulare
  • Monomorium manir Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium mantazenum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium marjoriae DuBois, 1986
  • Monomorium marshi Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium maryannae Sparks
  • Monomorium mavide Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium mayri Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium mayrianum Wheeler, 1915
  • Monomorium medinae Forel, 1892
  • Monomorium mediocre Santschi, 1920
  • Monomorium melleum Emery, 1914
  • Monomorium merepah Sparks
  • Monomorium micrommaton Heterick, 2006
  • Monomorium micron Crawley, 1925
  • Monomorium micropacum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium mictile Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium minimum (Buckley, 1867)
  • Monomorium minor Stitz, 1923
  • Monomorium mirandum Arnold, 1955
  • Monomorium mitchell Sparks
  • Monomorium moathi Sharaf & Collingwood, 2010
  • Monomorium modestum Santschi, 1914
  • Monomorium moestum
  • Monomorium mohammedi Sharaf & Hita Garcia, 2018
  • 单小家蚁 Monomorium monomorium Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium musicum Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium muticum (Emery, 1887)
  • Monomorium nengraharicum Pisarski, 1970
  • Monomorium nigricans Heterick
  • Monomorium niloticum Emery, 1881
  • Monomorium nimihil Collingwood, 2004
  • Monomorium nirvanum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium nitidiventre Emery, 1893
  • Monomorium notulum Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium noualhieri (Emery, 1915)
  • Monomorium noxitum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium nuptualis Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium occidaneum Crawley, 1922
  • Monomorium occidentale Bernard, 1953
  • Monomorium ocellatum Arnold, 1920
  • Monomorium oodnadatta Sparks
  • Monomorium opacior Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium opacum Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium ophthalmicum Forel, 1894
  • Monomorium orangiae Arnold, 1956
  • Monomorium orientale Mayr, 1879
  • Monomorium oscaris Forel, 1894
  • Monomorium osiridis Santschi, 1915
  • Monomorium pacis Forel, 1915
  • Monomorium pallidipes Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium pallidum Donisthorpe, 1918
  • Monomorium parvinode Forel, 1894
  • Monomorium paternum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium pergandei (Emery, 1893)
  • Monomorium perplexum Radchenko, 1997
  • Monomorium personatum Santschi, 1937
  • 法老小家蚁 Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758) 小黄家蚁、法老小家蚁法老蚁
  • Monomorium phoeniceum Santschi, 1927
  • Monomorium phoenicium Santschi, 1927
  • Monomorium phoenicum Santschi, 1927
  • Monomorium pilbara Sparks
  • Monomorium pilipes Mayr, 1868
  • Monomorium platynode
  • Monomorium platynodis Heterick
  • Monomorium pulchrum Santschi, 1926
  • Monomorium rabirium Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium rastractum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium rhopalocerum Emery, 1895
  • Monomorium robustior Forel, 1892
  • Monomorium rogeri (Mayr, 1865)
  • Monomorium rosae Santschi, 1920
  • Monomorium rothsteini Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium rotundatum Santschi, 1920
  • Monomorium rubriceps Mayr, 1876
  • Monomorium rufulum Stitz, 1923
  • Monomorium ruzskyi Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985
  • Monomorium sagei Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium sahlbergi Emery, 1898
  • Monomorium sakalavum Santschi, 1928
  • Monomorium salomonis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Monomorium sanguinolentum Wheeler, 1927
  • Monomorium santschii (Forel, 1905)
  • Monomorium sarawatensis Sharaf & Aldawood, 2013
  • Monomorium scabriceps (Mayr, 1879)
  • Monomorium schultzei Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium schurri Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium sculpturatum Clark, 1934
  • Monomorium sechellense Emery, 1894
  • Monomorium senegalense Roger, 1862
  • Monomorium sersalatum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium setuliferum Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium shilohense Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium shuckardi Forel, 1895
  • Monomorium silvestrii Wheeler, 1927
  • Monomorium smithii Forel, 1892
  • Monomorium sommieri Emery, 1908
  • Monomorium sordidum Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium spatulicorne Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926
  • Monomorium spectrum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium speculiceps
  • Monomorium speculum Sparks
  • Monomorium speluncarum Santschi, 1914
  • Monomorium springvalense Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium sryetum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium stagnum Sparks
  • Monomorium stictonotum
  • Monomorium strangulatum Santschi, 1921
  • Monomorium striatifrons
  • Monomorium subapterum Wheeler, 1917
  • Monomorium subcoecum Emery, 1894
  • Monomorium subdentatum Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium subopacum (Smith, 1858)
  • Monomorium suteri Forel, 1892
  • Monomorium sutu Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium sydneyense Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium symmotu Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium syriacum (Tohme, 1980)
  • Monomorium tablense Santschi, 1932
  • Monomorium taedium Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium talbotae DuBois, 1981
  • Monomorium talpa Emery, 1911
  • Monomorium tambourinense
  • Monomorium tanysum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium taprobanae Forel, 1913
  • Monomorium tchelichofi Forel, 1914
  • Monomorium tenebrosum Sparks
  • Monomorium termitarium Forel, 1910
  • Monomorium termitobium Forel, 1892
  • Monomorium thrascoleptum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium topend Sparks
  • Monomorium torrens Sparks
  • Monomorium torvicte Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium trageri DuBois, 1986
  • Monomorium trake Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium tricolor Emery, 1914
  • Monomorium triviale Wheeler, 1906
  • Monomorium tumaire Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
  • Monomorium turneri (Forel, 1910)
  • Monomorium tynsorum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium vaguum Santschi, 1930
  • Monomorium valtinum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium vatranum Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium vecte Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium venustum (Smith, 1858)
  • Monomorium versicolor Heterick
  • Monomorium viator Santschi, 1923
  • Monomorium viride Brown, 1943
  • Monomorium vitiense Mann, 1921
  • Monomorium vonatu Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium wahibiense Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
  • Monomorium westi Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium wheelerorum DuBois, 1986
  • Monomorium whitei Wheeler, 1915
  • Monomorium willowmorense Bolton, 1987
  • Monomorium wilsoni
  • Monomorium wroughtoni Forel, 1902
  • Monomorium wroughtonianum Ettershank, 1966
  • Monomorium xanthognathum Arnold, 1944
  • Monomorium xuthosoma Heterick
  • 织女小家蚁 Monomorium zhinu Terayama, 2009
  • Monomorium zulu Santschi, 1914
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