小大角战役

小大角战役（英语：Battle of the Little Bighorn）是北美印第安战争之一场战役，美国原住民苏族人在此役中全歼进攻的美军卡斯特部。

小大角战役
北美印第安战争的一部分
日期 1876年6月25-26日 地点 蒙大拿州大角县小巨角河（英语：Little Bighorn River） 结果 苏族人决定性胜利
参战方
苏族诸部落： 拉科塔族 夏延族 阿拉帕霍族	美利坚合众国 第1骑兵师第7骑兵团 克罗族侦察兵 阿里卡拉族（英语：Arikara）侦察兵
指挥官与领导者
坐牛 疯马 高尔（英语：Gall (Native American leader)） 跛足（英语：Lame White Man） † 双月（英语：Two Moons）	乔治·A·卡斯特  † 马库斯·雷诺（英语：Marcus Reno） 弗雷德里克·本廷（英语：Frederick Benteen） 迈尔斯·基奥（英语：Myles Keogh）  † 詹姆斯·卡尔霍恩（英语：James Calhoun (soldier)） †
兵力
~1500–2,500人	~647人（美军597人）
伤亡与损失
~31–135人死亡 ~168人受伤	~268人死亡（包括美国原住民侦察兵6人） ~55人受伤（其中6人后来死亡）

19世纪，美国淘金热风潮大起，大批白人拓荒者蜂拥至中西部淘金，却时常遭到当地苏族人袭击，在南北战争中闻名的第七骑兵团团长乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特中校奉命进兵绥剿。

1876年6月25日，卡斯特自领两百余骑兵，与马库斯·雷诺少校、克雷伯格·本廷上尉分兵三路，进攻蒙大拿州黑山山谷。卡斯特的计划是俘虏原住民的妇女与小孩当成人质，迫使战士为不伤及家人而投降。不料雷诺与本廷遇阻，自行退却。卡斯特部孤军进攻，遭酋长“疯马”与萨满“坐牛”率领的二千名苏族勇士全歼。

酋长“疯马”因击溃名将，一战成名，但其后美军立刻大规模迫害苏族人，并且将大平原上的美洲野牛赶尽杀绝，断绝他们的食物来源。为了保全部落，在1877年的五月初，疯马等酋长在内布拉斯加州罗宾逊堡（英语：Fort Robinson）投降。其后于1877年九月被指称有越狱嫌疑，遭美军处死。萨满“坐牛”则流亡加拿大，后投降美军，获得特赦。不久后美国政府以印第安部落特殊宗教仪式“鬼舞”有叛乱嫌疑为理由，派遣警察拘捕，于1890年12月15日之枪战中身亡。

此战役曾被拍成电影《卡斯特将军》《马革裹尸》，也成为电脑游戏《世纪帝国III：群酋争霸》的战役“火焰及阴影”章节中的第二幕最终关卡（游戏中会支援玩家的可操控角色为疯马）。美国橄榄球员电影《攻其不备》亦曾提及。

延伸阅读

• Barnard, Sandy. Digging into Custer's Last Stand. Huntington Beach, California: Ventana Graphics. 1998. ISBN 0-9618087-5-6.
• Brininstool, E. A. Troopers With Custer. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. 1994. ISBN 0-8117-1742-9. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Chamot, Jean-Marc. La Représentation du Général G. A. Custer dans le Cinéma et la Télévision des Etats-Unis (1909–2004)- These Doctorale. Paris/Nanterre France: Université Paris 10 Nanterre – 974 p. (2 volumes). 2005.
• Chiaventone, Frederick J. A Road We Do Not Know: A Novel of Custer at the Little Bighorn. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1996. ISBN 0-684-83056-6.
• Connell, Evan S. Son of the Morning Star. New York: North Point Press. 1984. ISBN 0-86547-510-5.
• Cornut, David. Little Big Horn: Autopsie d'une bataille légendaire. Parçay-sur-Vienne: Anovi. 2012. ISBN 978-2-360351-34-3.
• Dickson, Ephriam D. III. Prisoners in the Indian Camp: Kill Eagle's Band at the Little Bighorn (PDF). Greasy Grass: 3–11. [2020-06-25]. OCLC 38114524. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-04-26）.
• Donovan, James. A Terrible Glory: Custer and the Little Bighorn. Little, Brown, and Co. 2008-03-24. ISBN 978-0-316-15578-6.
• Dustin, Fred. The Custer Tragedy: Events Leading Up to and Following the Little Big Horn Campaign of 1876. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Edwards Brothers. 1939. OCLC 4387990.
• Elliot, M.A. Custerology: The Enduring Legacy of the Indian Wars and George Armstrong Custer. University of Chicago Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-226-20146-7.
• Connell, Evan S. Son of the Morning Star: Custer and The Little Bighorn. New York: North Point Press. 1984. ISBN 0-86547-510-5.
• Evans, Alun. Brassey's Guide to War Films. Brassey's. 2000. ISBN 1-57488-263-5.
• Flaherty, Thomas H. (编). The Wild West. New York: Time-Life Books. 1993. ISBN 0-446-51761-5.
• Fox, Richard Allan, Jr. Archaeology, History, and Custer's Last Battle. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 1993. ISBN 0-8061-2496-2. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Gallear, Mark. Guns at the Little Bighorn. Custer Association of Great Britain. 2001. （原始内容存档于2006-09-08）.
• Goodrich, Thomas. Scalp Dance: Indian Warfare on the High Plains, 1865–1879. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 1997. ISBN 0-8117-1523-X.
• Graham, Col. William A. The Custer Myth: A Source Book for Custeriana. New York: Bonanza Books. 1953. OCLC 944258.
• Gray, John S. Custer's Last Campaign: Mitch Boyer and the Little Bighorn Reconstructed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1991. ISBN 0-8032-7040-2.
• Grinnell, George Bird. The Fighting Cheyennes Reprint. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press. 1956 [1915]. ISBN 0-7394-0373-7.
• Hammer, Kenneth. Nichols, Ronald H. , 编. Men with Custer: Biographies of the 7th Cavalry: June 25, 1876. Hardin, Montana: Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association. 2000. ISBN 1-892258-05-6.
• Hammer, Kenneth (编). Custer in '76: Walter Camp's notes on the Custer Fight. Provo: Brigham Young University. 1976. ISBN 0-8061-2279-X.
• Hardorff, R. G. (编). Camp, Custer and the Little Big Horn. El Segundo, California: Upton and Sons. 1997. ISBN 0-912783-25-7.
• Hatch, Thom. Custer and the Little Bighorn: An Encyclopedia. London: McFarland & Company, Inc. 1997. ISBN 0-7864-0154-0.
• Hardorff, R. G. Hokahey! A Good Day to Die! The Indian Casualties of the Custer Fight. University of Nebraska Press. 1993. ISBN 0-8032-7322-3.
• Keegan, John. Warpaths. London: Pimlico. 1996. ISBN 1-55013-621-6.
• Lawson, Michael L. Little Bighorn: Winning the Battle, Losing the War. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. 2007. ISBN 978-0-7910-9347-4.
• Lehman, Tim. Bloodshed at Little Bighorn. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2010: 219. ISBN 978-0-8018-9501-2.
• Mails, Thomas E. The Mystic Warriors of the Plains: The Culture, Arts, Crafts and Religion of the Plains Indians. New York: Marlowe & Co. 1996. ISBN 1-56924-538-X.
• Michno, Gregory F. The Mystery of E Troop: Custer's Grey Horse Company at the Little Bighorn. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing. 1994. ISBN 0-87842-304-4.
• Miller, David, H. Custer's Fall: The Native American Side of the Story. University of Nebraska Press. 1985. ISBN 0-452-01095-0.
• Neihardt, John G. (编). Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux. University of Nebraska Press. 1979. ISBN 0-8032-8359-8.
• Nichols, Ronald H. (编). Reno Court of Inquiry. Hardin, Montana: Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association. 1996. OCLC 45499454.
• Panzeri, Peter. Little Big Horn, 1876: Custer's Last Stand. London, UK: Osprey. 1995. ISBN 1-85532-458-X.
• Perrett, Bryan. Last Stand!: Famous Battles Against the Odds. London: Arms & Armour. 1993. ISBN 1-85409-188-3.
• Philbrick, Nathaniel. The Last Stand: Custer, Sitting Bull, and The Battle of The Little Bighorn. Viking Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-14-242769-9. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Reno, Marcus A. The official record of a court of inquiry convened at Chicago, Illinois, January 13, 1879, by the President of the United States upon the request of Major Marcus A. Reno, 7th U.S. Cavalry, to investigate his conduct at the Battle of the Little Big Horn, June 25–26, 1876. University of Wisconsin Digital Collections. 1951 [2020-06-25]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-02）.
• Rice, Earle Jr. The Battle or the Little Bighorn. World History Series. San Diego: Lucent Books. 1998. ISBN 978-1-56006-453-4.
• Sandoz, Mari. The Battle of the Little Bighorn. Lippincott Major Battle Series. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 1966. ISBN 0-8032-9100-0. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Robbins, James S. The Real Custer; From Boy General to Tragic Hero. Washington D.C.: Regnery Publishing. 2014. ISBN 978-1-62157-209-1.
• Robinson, Charles M. III. A Good Year to Die: the story of the great Sioux war. New York: Random House. 1995. ISBN 0-679-43025-3.
• Sarf, Wayne Michael. The Little Bighorn Campaign: March–September 1876. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books. 1993. ISBN 1-58097-025-7. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Scott, Douglas D.; Connor, Melissa. Context Delicti: Archaeological Context in Forensic Work. Haglund, W.D.; Sorg, M.H. (编). Forensic Taphonomy: The Postmortem Fate of Human Remains. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 1997: 27–38. ISBN 978-0-8493-9434-8.
• Sklenar, Larry. To Hell with Honor, General Custer and the Little Big Horn. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 2000. ISBN 0-8061-3472-0.
• Tucker, Phillip Thomas. Death at the Little Bighorn: A New Look at Custer, His Tactics, and the Tragic Decisions Made at the Last Stand. Skyhorse. 2017. ISBN 978-1-63450-800-1.
• Utley, Robert M. The Lance and the Shield: the life and times of Sitting Bull. New York: Henry Holt & Company. 1993. ISBN 0-8050-1274-5.
• Utley, Robert M. Cavalier in Buckskin: George Armstrong Custer and the Western Military Frontier Revised. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 2001. ISBN 0-8061-2292-7.
• Vestal, Stanley. Warpath: The True Story of the Fighting Sioux Told in a Biography of Chief White Bull. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1934. ISBN 0-8032-4653-6.
• Viola, Herman J. Little Bighorn Remembered: The Untold Indian Story of Custer's Last Stand. Westminster, Maryland: Times Books. 1999. ISBN 0-8129-3256-0. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Welch, James; Stekler, Paul. Killing Custer: The Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians. New York: Norton. 1994. ISBN 0-393-32939-9. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
• Wert, Jeffry D. Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1996. ISBN 0-684-81043-3.

外部链接

• Custer Battlefield Museum, Garryowen, Montana
• Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association
• Kenneth M. Hammer Collection on Custer and the Battle of the Little Big Horn