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镜中镜 (器乐)
来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
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《镜中镜》(德语:Spiegel im Spiegel),亦有译作《镜中之镜》,是爱沙尼亚作曲家帕特为小提琴与钢琴所写的器乐作品,写于1978年。
作品沿用帕特惯常的“钟鸣作曲法”方式创作的简约音乐,主乐器的旋律纯以上行或下行的自然音阶所构成,由最初两个音,最终变为接近两个八度的幅度;至于伴奏部分,则以不间断的分解和弦所组成,配以低音部或高音部的长音作为衬托。
全曲长度为10分钟。而除了原来的大提琴与钢琴的版本外,帕特亦改编予其他乐器的版本。现时,已出版了中提琴、小提琴、低音提琴、中音长笛、双簧管、英国管、单簧管、巴松管、圆号及上低音萨克管与钢琴的版本,亦有为管风琴的独奏版本[1]。
2011年,本曲于BBC广播四台的节目“骚灵音乐”(Soul Music)中被重点介绍,小提琴家泰丝敏·利托表示《镜中镜》是一首充满“庞大的情感影响”的作品(with a powerful emotional impact)[2][3]。
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乐曲分析
本曲以F大调写成,采用 拍子,作曲家手稿标示的速度为 ♩≈120,而印刷版本则标示为♩≈100。全曲共126小节。当中钢琴伴奏主要以F大调主和弦的第二转位、以分解和弦的方式进行。而在最高音域及最低音域则以F音、A音或C音的延长音(同样采自F大调的主和弦)作为衬托。
至于小提琴部分,则全以附点全音符下拉奏上行或下行的音阶,其长度按每次增长,每一次结尾必停在长音A上:

- 前奏
三小节钢琴独奏
- 第一组
两个音,在长音A前各自加入一个音。上行为G音,下行为B♭音。


- 第二组
三个音,在第一组的前方加入低一个或高一个音,上行为F音;下行为C音。(由此处起所有长音A不再标示)


- 第三组
四个音,同样在第二组前加入高或低一个音,但排列方式上,除结束音外,改以倒转方向形式进行。


- 第四组
五个音,回复原来的次序和排列。


- 第五组
六个音,和第三组处理方法一样,除结束音外,次序倒转。


- 第六组
七个音,回复原来的次序和排列。


- 第七组
八个音,和第三、五组的处理方法相同,除结束音外,次序倒转。刚好跨越一个八度。


- 第八组
九个音,回复原来的次序和排列。小提琴由最低音开始。


- 结束
最后再以一个长音A作完结。
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流行文化的应用
- David Nixon's Dracula performed by the Northern Ballet (UK, 2009)
- Pilobolus' Rushes in a scene choreographed using chairs. (US, 2007)
- Christopher Wheeldon's 2005 ballet After the Rain, part two (Pärt's "Tabula Rasa" is the score to part one)
- John Neumeier's ballet Othello (1985), the central pas de deux (Pärt's "Tabula Rasa" is the score to part two)
- Mats Ek's Smoke performed by Sylvie Guillem and Niklas Ek (1995)
- Stephen Mills' Desire performed by Ballet Austin (1998)
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- The New York production of Eurydice, a play by Sarah Ruhl (2007)
- Venezuelan production called 120 vidas x minuto ("120 Lives a Minute"), a play by Gustavo Ott (2007)
- Czech production of Forgotten Light ("Zapomenuté světlo"), a play by Jakub Deml
- French production of The Glass Menagerie (Tennessee Williams) a play by Daniel Jeanneteau (2016)[4]
- Canadian production of Othello, a play by William Shakespeare, directed by Ian Farthing at the St. Lawrence Shakespeare Festival (2012)
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- The BBC documentary Touched by Auschwitz (2015)
- The BBC documentary Auschwitz: The Nazis and 'The Final Solution' (2005) (which also used Fratres)
- The BBC drama Hattie (2011)
- The RTS and Colossal production documentary "Izgubljeni orden" (The Lost Medal) (2010)
- The BBC television series Criminal Justice (2009)
- The BBC medical drama Casualty (2008, 2010) and its spin-off show Holby City (2016, 2019)
- The season two episode of Supernatural, titled "What is and What Should Never Be" (2007)
- The BBC dramatisation of Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South' (2004)
- The BBC documentary Century of the Self by Adam Curtis (2002)
- The BBC documentary John Steinbeck: Voice of America by Melvyn Bragg (2011)
- The FOX television show Simpsons episode 534 Yolo (2013)
- The RTÉ News, on New Year's Eve, at the end of news editions as a memorial to victims of road traffic deaths during the year
- The Carlton series The Wrong Side of the Rainbow (2001)
- The S4C television drama Gwaith/Cartref (2015).
- The BBC documentary The Secret Life of Chaos (2010) presented by Jim Al-Khalili
- The season four episode and series finale of The Good Place, titled "Whenever You're Ready" (2020)[5]
- The BBC documentary series Modern Masters, uses it in the second episode about Henri Matisse. Presented by Alastair Sooke. (2010)
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注释
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