锡斯坦

锡斯坦（Sīstān，波斯语/俾路支语/普什图语：سیستان），古作Sakastan（波斯语/俾路支语/普什图语：ساكاستان；“塞迦之地”）是历史上的一个地理（英语：Sistan Basin）区域，位于今伊朗东部（锡斯坦－俾路支斯坦省）和阿富汗南部（尼姆鲁兹省、坎大哈省）。该地区有许多不适合人类居住的荒漠，被阿富汗境内最大的河流赫尔曼德河分隔成两部分，该河流注入两国边境的哈蒙湖（英语：Hamun Lake）。

位于锡斯坦的Haozdar之门

锡斯坦最著名的考古遗址是被焚之城和哈杰赫山（英语：Kuh-e Khwajeh），后者是哈蒙湖中隆起的小丘形成的小岛。

参考来源

• Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. I.B.Tauris. 2009: 1–240 [2018-11-25]. ISBN 0857716662. （原始内容存档于2022-10-28）.
• Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). New York, New York and London, United Kingdom: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). 2002 [2018-11-25]. ISBN 0-415-14687-9. （原始内容存档于2023-01-20）.
• Pourshariati, Parvaneh. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. 2008. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
• Zarrinkub, Abd al-Husain. The Arab conquest of Iran and its aftermath. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975: 1–57 [2018-11-25]. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6. （原始内容存档于2023-01-20）.
• Morony, M. ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2: 203–210. 1986 [2018-11-25]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-26）.
• Christensen, Peter. The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environments in the History of the Middle East, 500 B.C. to A.D. 1500. Museum Tusculanum Press. 1993: 1–351 [2018-11-25]. ISBN 9788772892597. （原始内容存档于2022-10-28）.
• Shapur Shahbazi, A. SASANIAN DYNASTY. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. 2005 [3 April 2014]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-21）.
• Frye, Richard Nelson. The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. 1984: 1–411. ISBN 9783406093975.
• Schmitt, R. DRANGIANA. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5: 534–537. 1995 [2018-11-25]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-12）.
• Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. Sīstān. The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden, and New York: BRILL: 681–685. 1997 [2018-11-25]. ISBN 9789004082656. （原始内容存档于2016-01-09）.
• Gazerani, Saghi. The Sistani Cycle of Epics and Iran’s National History: On the Margins of Historiography. BRILL. 2015: 1–250 [2018-11-25]. ISBN 9789004282964. （原始内容存档于2022-10-28）.
• Bosworth, C. E. SISTĀN ii. In the Islamic period. Encyclopaedia Iranica. 2011 [2018-11-25]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-04）.
• Barthold, W. ʿAmr b. al-Layth. The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B. Leiden and New York: BRILL: 452–453. 1986. ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
• Bosworth, C.E. The Ṭāhirids and Ṣaffārids. Frye, R.N. (编). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975: 90–135 [2018-11-25]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23）.
• Bosworth, C. E. The rise of the new Persian language. Frye, R. N. (编). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1975: 595–633. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.

31.0000°N 62.0000°E / 31.0000; 62.0000