颚针蚁属

颚针蚁属 (Anochetus ) 主要栖息于热带及亚热带地区，少数几种栖息于温带地区，具有触发式大颚 (trap-jaw) ，肉食性^[1][2]。姊妹群为锯针蚁属^[3][4]，锯针蚁属和颚针蚁属是锯针蚁族下唯二的成员，Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持锯针蚁属是由颚针蚁属演化而来的假说^[5]。

颚针蚁属 化石时期：波尔多期至现代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Anochetus faurei worker
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
演化支：	猛蚁类 Poneroid
亚科：	猛蚁亚科 Ponerinae
族：	锯针蚁族 Odontomachini
群属：	大齿猛蚁属群 Odontomachus genus group
属：	颚针蚁属 Anochetus
模式种
Odontomachus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
多样性
123 种
异名
Myrmapatetes Wheeler, 1929 Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862

物种描述

具有细长并向前延伸的大颚，能够打开至接近 180° ，能够以极快的速度闭合大颚。体型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。体色通常较为黯淡，棕色、黑色、红色、黄色，有些物种双色。

与易混淆物种的辨别方式

与锯针蚁属

锯针蚁属的腹柄节顶端具有一齿，而颚针蚁属的具有两齿或呈圆滑状^[6]；锯针蚁属的头部后方具有缝线，呈现倒 V 字形，有时候会稍微内凹，颚针蚁属则呈现倒 U 字形^[6]。

与瘤颚家蚁

在野外小型的颚针蚁常和瘤颚家蚁搞混，但瘤颚家蚁有两节腹柄节，而颚针蚁只有一节。

地区性物种分布

中国和台湾地区共有8种^[7]：

• 格拉夫钩猛蚁 Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
• 兰屿钩猛蚁 Anochetus lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
• 长钩猛蚁 Anochetus longus Chen et al. 2019 长颚针蚁
• 马达拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
• 混杂钩猛蚁 Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
• 墨脱钩猛蚁 Anochetus medogensis Chen et al. 2019 墨脱颚针蚁
• 里氏钩猛蚁 Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
• 小眼钩猛蚁 Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912

物种列表

颚针蚁属现生115种，已灭绝8种^[8]。化石皆产于多米尼加琥珀^[9][10][11]。

• Anochetus africanus (Mayr, 1865)
• Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901
• Anochetus alae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
• Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887
• †Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994^[12]
• 安哥拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978 安哥拉颚针蚁
• Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1949
• Anochetus avius Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
• Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913
• 双刺钩猛蚁 Anochetus bispinosus (Smith, 1858)
• Anochetus boltoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
• †Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991^[13]
• Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978
• Anochetus bytinskii Kugler & Ionescu, 2007
• Anochetus cato Forel, 1901
• Anochetus chirichinii Emery, 1897
• Anochetus chocoensis Fernández, 2008
• †Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade, 1994^[12]
• Anochetus consultans (Walker, 1859)
• †Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980^[14]
• Anochetus cryptus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
• Anochetus daedalus
• Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912
• †Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994^[12]
• Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987
• Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius, 1804)
• Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922
• †Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994^[12]
• Anochetus faurei Arnold, 1948
• Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler, 1929)
• Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959
• Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948
• Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
• Anochetus gladiator (Mayr, 1862)
• Anochetus goodmani Fisher & Smith, 2008
• 格拉夫钩猛蚁 Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
• Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891
• Anochetus haytianus Wheeler & Mann, 1914
• Anochetus hohenbergiae Feitosa & Delabie, 2012
• Anochetus horridus Kempf, 1964
• Anochetus inca Wheeler, 1925
• Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978
• Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971
• Anochetus inermis André, 1889
• †Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994^[12]
• Anochetus isolatus Mann, 1919
• Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926
• Anochetus kanariensis Forel, 1900
• Anochetus katonae Forel, 1907
• Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978
• 兰屿钩猛蚁 Anochetus lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
• Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1895
• Anochetus leyticus Zettel, 2012
• Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897
• Anochetus longispinus Wheeler, 1936
• 长钩猛蚁 Anochetus longus Chen et al. 2019 长颚针蚁
• †Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994^[12]
• 马达加斯加钩猛蚁 Anochetus madagascarensis Forel, 1887
• 马达拉钩猛蚁 Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
• Anochetus maryatiae Nuril Aida & Idris, 2011
• Anochetus maynei Forel, 1913
• Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884
• 墨脱钩猛蚁 Anochetus medogensis Chen et al. 2019 墨脱颚针蚁
• Anochetus menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941
• Anochetus micans Brown, 1978
• Anochetus minans Mann, 1922
• Anochetus miserabilis González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008
• 混杂钩猛蚁 Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
• Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978
• Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932
• Anochetus myops Emery, 1893
• Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1926
• Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894
• Anochetus nietneri (Roger, 1861)
• Anochetus obscuratus Santschi, 1911
• Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978
• Anochetus orchidicola Brown, 1978
• Anochetus oriens Kempf, 1964
• Anochetus orientalis André, 1887
• Anochetus pangantihoni Zettel, 2012
• Anochetus pangens (Walker, 1859)
• Anochetus paripungens Brown, 1978
• Anochetus pattersoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
• Anochetus pellucidus [no authors], 1902
• Anochetus peracer Brown, 1978
• Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884
• Anochetus pubescens Brown, 1978
• Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901
• Anochetus pupulatus Brown, 1978
• Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876
• Anochetus renatae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
• 里氏钩猛蚁 Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
• Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1949
• Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907
• Anochetus rufolatus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
• Anochetus rufostenus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
• Anochetus rufus (Jerdon, 1851)
• Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1925
• Anochetus rugosus (Smith, 1857)
• Anochetus schoedli Zettel, 2012
• Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884
• 半黑钩猛蚁 Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943
• Anochetus shohki Terayama, 1996
• Anochetus simoni Emery, 1890
• Anochetus siphneus Brown, 1978
• Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu, 1940
• Anochetus striatulus Emery, 1890
• Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978
• 小眼钩猛蚁 Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912
• 台湾钩猛蚁 Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989 台湾颚针蚁
• Anochetus talpa Forel, 1901
• Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894
• Anochetus testaceus Forel, 1893
• Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904
• Anochetus tua Brown, 1978
• Anochetus turneri Forel, 1900
• Anochetus validus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
• Anochetus vallensis Lattke, 1987
• Anochetus variegatus Donisthorpe, 1938
• Anochetus veronicae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
• Anochetus vexator Kempf, 1964
• 维多利亚钩猛蚁 Anochetus victoriae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012 维多利亚颚针蚁
• Anochetus werneri Zettel, 2012
• Anochetus wiesiae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
• Anochetus yerburyi Forel, 1900
• 云南钩猛蚁 Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, 1993 云南颚针蚁