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杨氏直译本(Young's Literal Translation,缩写 YLT)是圣经的一种英文译本,出版于1862年,翻译者是罗伯特·杨,是“杨格氏汇编”(Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible)和新约简明注解(Concise Critical Comments on the New Testament)的编者。1887年杨氏又完成了一个修订版。1888年10月14日他去世后,出版商又在1898年发行了新修订版。
杨氏直译本,Young's Literal Translation | |
---|---|
全名 | Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible |
缩写 | YLT |
全书出版时间 | 1862年 |
翻译类型 | 严格直译 |
版权 | 公共领域 |
《创世记》第1章第1-3节 | |
In the beginning of Elohim's preparing the heavens and the earth — the earth hath existed waste and void, and darkness [is] on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God fluttering on the face of the waters, and God saith, `Let light be;' and light is. | |
《约翰福音》第3章第16节 | |
For God did so love the world, that His Son — the only begotten — He gave, that every one who is believing in him may not perish, but may have life age-during. |
顾名思义,杨氏直译本是严格按照希伯来语和希腊语的原文直译。他在在第二版的序言中写道:
因此,杨氏直译本在其他译本使用过去时的地方使用了现在时。例如,杨氏直译本的创世纪开头部分如下:
1 | In the beginning of Elohim's preparing the heavens and the earth — |
2 | the earth hath existed waste and void, and darkness [is] on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God fluttering on the face of the waters, |
3 | and God saith, 'Let light be;' and light is.[2] |
比起较流行的英文译本,杨氏直译本更接近于希伯来语原文。例如,新修订标准本(NRSV),同一段落译为:
1 | In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. |
2 | The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters. |
3 | And God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light.[3] |
杨氏直译本比新修订标准本更准确地反映了希伯来原文的意义。Bereshith bara elokim,新修订标准本译为“In the beginning God created...”,是结构态(bereshith),而不是完成态(barishona),意味着动作在过程中,尚未完成。同样,与希伯来原文不符,在新修订标准本中,将这几节分为三句(古代希伯来文没有标点符号,分句必须靠推断),由于词汇wa ha-aretz hayetha的顺序(主语-动词)译为“the earth being”(杨氏直译本译为“the earth hath existed”),而新修订标准本译为“and the earth was”要求词序为wa tehi ha-aretz(动词-主语)。[4] 杨氏直译本较多使用现在时而不是过去时,得到了一些学者的支持,例如中世纪犹太拉比Rashi,以及理查德·艾略特·弗里德曼在他关于摩西五经翻译的书The Bible with Sources Revealed(2002年)。[5]
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