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冰虫
来自维基百科，自由的百科全书
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冰虫是指Mesenchytraeus属的环节动物的总称，生活于北极地区的冰层中。
Mesenchytraeus solifugus是最早发现的种类，于1887年在阿拉斯加发现。是地球上极少数能在摄氏0度以下仍能生存的生物。冰虫的酶在接近零度左右仍有活力；但温度若超过5度，酶便会消化其细胞膜，把冰虫本身给溶化。冰虫可达约数公分长，体色有黑、蓝、白等。在约清晨及傍晚时会接近冰层表面。以雪水藻类和花粉为食。
目前仍不清楚冰虫如何在坚硬的冰层中建立通道。一些科学家认为冰虫是以冰床中的超细微缝隙来旅行；一些人则相信冰虫可以分泌某种化学物质来溶解冰层。
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延伸阅读
- Hartzell, P. (2003). Glacial Ecology: North Cascades Glacier Macroinvertebrates. Retrieved on Oct. 21, 2005, from: https://web.archive.org/web/20051212000121/http://nichols.edu/departments/Glacier/bio/index.htm
- Pelto, M. S. (2003). Ice Worms (Mesenchytraeus solifugus) and Their Habitats on North Cascade Glaciers. A study by North Cascade Glacier Climate Project. Retrieved on Sept. 28, 2005, from https://web.archive.org/web/20090209012557/http://www.nichols.edu/departments/glacier/iceworm.htm
- Shain, D. H., Carter M. R., Murray, K. P., Maleski, K. A., Smith, N. R., McBride, T. R., et al. (2000). Morphologic Characterization of the Ice Worm Mesenchytraeus solifugus. Journal of Morphology, 246, 192-197.
- Shain, D. H., Mason, T. A., Farrell, A. H., & Michalewicz, L. A. (2001). Distribution and behavior of ice worms (Mesenchytraeus solifugus) in south-central Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 10, 1813-1821.
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