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吉利支丹
来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
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吉利支丹或称切支丹,是日本战国时代、江户时代乃至明治初期对国内基督徒的称呼。该词源于葡萄牙语“cristão”,与马来语的Kristang是同源词。

概述
战国时代,圣方济·沙勿略来到日本传教,不少大名皈依了天主教,并支持天主教在其领地内的传播。1587年,丰臣秀吉颁布《伴天连追放令》,定天主教为邪教,禁止天主教的传播。多数大名被迫改信佛教和神道。
文禄庆长两战后,在日多数朝鲜人改宗吉利支丹。
江户时代后,幕府于1613年发布禁教令,将天主教大名有马晴信处死、高山右近流放菲律宾。此后,幕府迫害天主教徒,将他们蔑称为“鬼利死丹”。第五代将军德川纲吉之后,为避纲吉之讳,改称为“切支丹”,蔑称“切死丹”。
1637年,九州地区爆发岛原之乱,被幕府镇压。幕府对支持天主教的人士进行搜捕,而天主教徒的活动亦转入地下。
如今,“吉利支丹”一词一般作为对当时天主教大名、或者伪装放弃天主教信仰而在地下秘密活动的人士(隐匿的基督徒)的称呼,日本天主教徒往往不会自称“吉利支丹”。尤其是当年被江户幕府宗教迫害最为严重的长崎县一带,因“吉利支丹”一词的历史原因,被天主教徒视为侮辱性称呼。
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著名的吉利支丹大名
较知名的吉利支丹
参见
来源
- Brett, L. Walker. Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: a Historio-graphical Essay. Early Modern Japan. Fall 2002, 10 (2): 44–62.
- Cooper, Michael. Rodrigues the Interpreter – An Early Jesuit in Japan and China. New York: Weatherhill. 1974. ISBN 978-0-8348-0319-0.
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St. Francis Xavier. 天主教百科全书. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
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- Toshihiko, Abe. Japan's Hidden Face. Bainbridgebooks/Trans-Atlantic Publications. 1998. ISBN 978-1-891696-05-3.
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