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剑线虫属
长针科的一属线虫 来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
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剑线虫属(学名:Xiphinema),又名匕首线虫属[1],是一种栖息于植物根部的潜移性[1]外寄生线虫动物[2]。本属物种会对农作物造成巨大经济损失,能影响葡萄、草莓、酒花及其他经济作物。主要物种计有:标准剑线虫(X. index)、美洲剑线虫(X. americanum)、X. diversicaudatum, X. italiae及X. pachtaicum[3]。其细长的身体及长直的口针[4]是其型态特征,以便于直接刺穿植物的表皮至其维管组织[5]。本属不同物种会对植物的根部造成中等至大量的伤害:这些线虫穿透植物的根部,部分物种还会在根部造成虫瘿[3]。
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型态学
剑线虫的体型在线虫动物来说算是比较大,其成虫的体长有1.5mm – 5.0mm[2]。
系统分类学
下列为本属部分物种:
- Xiphinema abrantinum Roca & Pereira, 1991
- Xiphinema aceri Chizhov & al., 1986
- Xiphinema aequum Roca & Lamberti, 1988
- 美国剑线虫 Xiphinema americana
- 美洲剑线虫 Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913[7]
- Xiphinema artemisiae Chizhov & al., 1986
- 贝克剑线虫 Xiphinema bakeri Williams
- Xiphinema barense Lamberti & al., 1986
- Xiphinema basilgoodeyi Coomans, 1965
- Xiphinema belmontense Roca & Pereira, 1992
- 短颈剑线虫 Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, 1961
- Xiphinema brevisicum Lamberti & al., 1994
- Xiphinema cadavalense Bravo & Roca, 1995
- 加州剑线虫 Xiphinema californicum
- 钱伯斯剑线虫 Xiphinema chambersi Thorne
- Xiphinema coronatum Roca, 1991
- Xiphinema coxi Tarjan, 1964
- Xiphinema coxi coxi Tarjan, 1964
- Xiphinema coxi europaeum Sturhan, 1985
- Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan, 1978
- Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
- Xiphinema dissimile Roca & al., 1988.
- 变尾剑线虫 Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) — nématode migrant des racines,裂尾剑线虫、异尾剑线虫
- Xiphinema diversum Roca & al., 1989.
- Xiphinema duriense Lamberti & al., 1993.
- 台湾剑线虫 Xiphinema elongatum [8][9]
- Xiphinema exile Roca & al., 1989.
- 丝尾剑线虫 Xiphinema filicaudatum Loof et Maas
- Xiphinema fortuitum Roca & al., 1988.
- Xiphinema gersoni Roca & Bravo, 1993.
- Xiphinema globosum Sturhan, 1978.
- Xiphinema hispidum Roca & Bravo, 1994.
- Xiphinema histriae Lamberti & al., 1993.
- Xiphinema horvatovicae Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.
- 喜湿剑线虫 Xiphinema hygrophilum Southey et Luc
- Xiphinema illyricum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.
- Xiphinema incertum Lamberti & al., 1983.
- 不明剑线虫 Xiphinema incognitum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.
- 标准剑线虫 Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950.
- Xiphinema ingens Luc & Dalmasso, 1964.
- Xiphinema insigne
- Xiphinema intermedium Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.
- 意大利剑线虫 Xiphinema italiae Meyl, 1953
- Xiphinema lafoense Roca & al., 1988
- Xiphinema lanceolatum Roca & Bravo, 1993
- Xiphinema lapidosum Roca & Bravo, 1993
- Xiphinema longistilum Lamberti & al., 1994
- Xiphinema lupini Roca & Pereira, 1993
- Xiphinema lusitanicum Sturhan, 1983
- Xiphinema macedonicum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999
- Xiphinema macroacanthum Lamberti & al., 1989
- Xiphinema madeirense Brown & al., 1992
- Xiphinema melitense Lamberti & al., 1982
- Xiphinema mesostilum Lamberti & al., 1994
- Xiphinema microstilum Lamberti & al., 1994
- Xiphinema neovuittenezi Dalmasso, 1969
- 西剖剑线虫 Xiphinema occiduum
- Xiphinema opisthohysterum Siddiqi, 1961.
- Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938).
- Xiphinema pachydermum Sturhan, 1983.
- Xiphinema pombalense Bravo & Lamberti, 1996
- Xiphinema porosum Roca & Agostinelli, 1986
- Xiphinema pseudocoxi Sturhan, 1985
- Xiphinema pyrenaicum Dalmasso, 1969
- Xiphinema radicicola Goodey, 1936
- Xiphinema riparium Chizhov & al., 1991
- Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, 1969
- Xiphinema rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
- Xiphinema sahelense Dalmasso, 1969
- Xiphinema santos Lamberti & al., 1993
- 里弗斯剑线虫 Xiphinema silvesi Roca & Bravo, 1998
- Xiphinema simile Lamberti & al., 1983
- Xiphinema taylori Lamberti & al., 1992
- 索恩剑线虫 Xiphinema thornei
- Xiphinema turcicum Luc & Dalmasso, 1964
- 犹他剑线虫 Xiphinema utahense
- Xiphinema variurum Barsi & Lamberti, 1998
- Xiphinema vuittenezi Luc & al., 1964.
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分布
本属物种分布于全世界,当中两个在经济上很重要的物种,即:标准剑线虫 X.index及美洲剑线虫 X.americanum都在美国加州很常见,对当地酒庄造成影响。X. diversicaudatum亦见于美国其他部份地区、欧洲及澳大利亚[5]。
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