口螺亚科

口螺亚科（Stomatellinae）是腹足纲软体动物分类单元钟螺目钟螺科之下一个壳长3cm以下细小海螺的亚科^[1]。 本亚科原来为口螺科（Stomatellidae Gray, 1840；亦作Stomatiidae^[2][1]），又名琵琶螺科或广口螺科^[3]，下领六个属。

口螺亚科 化石时期：三叠纪至现在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Shell of Stomatella auricula (syntype at MNHN, Paris)
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	钟螺目 Trochida
总科：	钟螺总科 Trochoidea
科：	钟螺科 Trochidae
亚科：	口螺亚科 Stomatellinae Gray, 1840
异名
Stomatellidae (rank change) Stomatiidae Fischer

分类学

主条目：钟螺科 § 分类

在较早期的分类（例如：Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology（英语：Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology））口螺科被归入原始腹足目（Archaeogastropoda），但“原始腹足目”这个分类现时国际上大多数文献都已不再使用。

根据2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，口螺科被归入古腹足类（Vetigastropoda，又名原始腹足类）之下的钟螺总科^[4]；在 Williams et al. (2008)^[5]及Williams et al. (2010)^[6] this taxon underwent a rank change from family Stomatellidae to subfamily Stomatellinae within the family 钟螺科.^[6]

形态描述

口螺亚科物种因其独特的耳形壳、极度退化的螺旋部和异常扩大的体螺层等形态，曾被划分为一个独立的科。 The shells of species in this subfamily are mostly low-spired, subglobose, with few whorls. They are either 鲍-shaped or non-spiral and limpet（英语：limpet）-like. They lack an umbilicus（英语：umbilicus (mollusk)）. Most species lack an 螺厣. The 壳口 is very arge, and through it the interior of the last whorl is entirely visible from below. The interior of the shell is 彩虹色 because of a layer of 珍珠母. The muscle impression inside the shell is crescent-shaped.

The animal has a broad foot, longitudinally divided by a median line below, and tuberculate above. The muzzle is broad, ending distally in an oval disc. The mouth is rounded. The long tentacles are pointed. The eyes are situated on short and heavy peduncles outside and behind the tentacles. The epipodium is prominent, fleshy, with or without cirri. Frontal lobes are present. The mantle edge is simple or reflexed and foliated. There is no slit in the front. The operculum is small, horny, thin, multispiral and often wanting. The gill has a single curved plume on the left or on the outer side of the mantle cavity. Its distal third is free.^[7]

分类

属

主条目：钟螺科 § 属

口螺亚科现时包括下列各个属：

• Calliotrochus（英语：Calliotrochus） P. Fischer, 1879
• Microtis（英语：Microtis (gastropod)） H. Adams & A. Adams, 1850
• 拟滑石螺属（英语：Pseudostomatella） Pseudostomatella（英语：Pseudostomatella） Thiele, 1924
• 滑石螺属（英语：Stomatella） Stomatella（英语：Stomatella） Lamarck, 1816
• 口螺属（英语：Stomatia） Stomatia（英语：Stomatia） Helbling, 1779
• Stomatolina（英语：Stomatolina） Iredale, 1937

异名

• Gena Gray, 1840: synonym of Stomatella Lamarck, 1816
• Microtina A. Adams in Sowerby, 1854: synonym of Microtis (gastropod)|Microtis H. Adams & A. Adams, 1850 (Not available : established conditionally as a substitute name for Microtis A. Adams, 1850 if considered a homonym of the plant genus Microtis R. Brown. However, A. Adams kept using Microtis as the valid name)
• Plocamotis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Stomatella Lamarck, 1816
• Stomax Montfort, 1810: synonym of Stomatia Helbling, 1779 (unnecessary substitute name for Stomatia)