塔里卡

塔里卡，伊斯兰教苏非派术语，意思是道乘，是指为接近安拉，而进入的在穆斯林日常必须履行的五功(教乘)之上更高一层的修行阶段，一般逊尼派穆斯林称为副功。

这个观念最早出现在12-13世纪苏非派教团，一直保留至现在，带领学生进入此阶段的导师被称为穆里希德或谢赫，学生则是穆里德或犒德尔维希。

参考

中国新疆地区伊斯兰教史

• J. M. Abun-Nasr, "The Tijaniyya", London 1965
• M. Berger, "Islam in Egypt today - social and political aspects of popular religion", London, 1970
• J. K. Birge, "The Bektashi Order of Dervishes", London and Hartford, 1937
• Clayer, Nathalie, Muslim Brotherhood Networks, EGO - European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011, retrieved: May 23, 2011.
• O. Depont and X. Coppolani, "Les confreries religieuses musulmans" (the Muslim brotherhoods as they existed then), Algiers, 1897
• E. E. Evans-Pritchard, "The Sanusi of Cyrenaica", Oxford, 1949
• M. D. Gilsenen, "Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt", Oxford, 1978
• G. H. Jansen, "Militant Islam", Pan, London 1979
• F. de Jong, "Turuq and Turuq-Linked Institutions in Nineteenth-Century Egypt", Brill, Leiden,1978
• J. W. McPherson, "The Moulids of Egypt", Cairo, 1941
• Mateus Soares de Azevedo, "Ordens Sufis no Islã: Iniciação às Confrarias Esotéricas muçulmanas no Irã xiita e no mundo sunita", São Paulo, Polar Editora, 2020