拟星螺属

拟星螺属（学名：Bolma）是一个包括有中型到大型海螺的一个属^[2]，其物种都有钙质的螺厣，皆为蝾螺科的海洋腹足纲软体动物^[2]。

拟星螺属 化石时期：始新世 - 现在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
A Fossil shell of Bolma rugosa from Pliocene of Italy
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	钟螺目 Trochida
总科：	钟螺总科 Trochoidea
科：	蝾螺科 Turbinidae
亚科：	蝾螺亚科 Turbininae
属：	拟星螺属 Bolma Risso, 1826[1]
模式种
Bolma rugosa Linnaeus, C., 1767
异名
Astralium (Bolma) Risso, 1826 Bolma (Ormastralium) Sacco, 1896 - alternate representation Galeoastraea Habe, 1958 (not available) Hirasazaea Habe, 1958 (not available) † Incilaster Finlay, 1926 † Oobolma Sacco, 1896 † Ormastralium Sacco, 1896 Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908 Senobolma Okutani, 1964 Tubicanthus Swains, 1840 † Tylastralium Sacco, 1896

化石纪录

本属物种已知从始新世开始就已经出现到现在（范围：3390万年前到现在）。这个物种的化石螺壳曾于以下地区发现^[3]：

• 地中海的：奥地利、塞浦路斯、法国、希腊、意大利、摩洛哥、斯洛伐克及西班牙
• 太平洋的：日本、瓦努阿图、关岛、纽西兰、澳大利亚及汤加。
• 印度洋的：南非

型态特征

本物种的舌齿的中央齿have no cusps. They have a narrow long basal plate, which is produced above the body of the tooth. The latter is wide, oval, and not reflected above. Its lower margin is not well-defined in my specimens which are, however, not stained. The laterals are of the usual form and bear cusps.

The imperforate shell has a turbinate shape. The spire is conic with whorls rounded at the periphery. The upper whorls are spiny. The base of the shell is convex. The operculum is nearly round with an excentric nucleus. The outside of the shell is polished, concave in the middle, with a convexity or rib upon the center of the spiral.^[4]

分布

This marine genus has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Red Sea, the Eastern Indian Ocean, the West Pacific, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and off South Africa, Indo-China, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland).

物种

截至2018年3月5日 (2018-03-05)^[update]，本属现时在WoRMS纪录有45个物种^[2]：

• Bolma anacanthos Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
• Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902)
• 黄金蝾螺 Bolma aureola (Hedley, 1907)
• Bolma austroconica Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
• Bolma bartschii Dall, 1913
• Bolma bathyraphis (E. A. Smith, 1899)
• 布氏拟星螺 Bolma boucheti Alf & Kreipl, 2011
• Bolma castelinae Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• Bolma crassigranosa (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
• Bolma exotica (Okutani, 1969)
• Bolma flava Beu & Ponder, 1979
• Bolma flindersi (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
• Bolma fuscolineata Alf & Kreipl, 2009
• 雷神星螺 Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861)
• Bolma granosa (Borson, 1821) †
• 细粒蝾螺 Bolma guttata (A. Adams, 1863)
• 荣光星螺 Bolma henica (R. B. Watson, 1879)
• Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
• Bolma johnstoni (Odhner, 1923)
• Bolma kermadecensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
• Bolma kiharai Kosuge, 1986
• Bolma kreipli Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• Bolma maestratii Alf & Kreipl, 2009
• Bolma mainbaza Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• Bolma marshalli (Thomson, 1908) †
• Bolma martinae Kreipl & Alf, 2005
• Bolma massieri Bozzetti, 1992
• Bolma microconcha Kosuge, 1985
• Bolma midwayensis (Habe & Kosuge, 1970)
• Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)
• Bolma minuta Neubert, 1998
• Bolma minutiradiosa Kosuge, 1983
• 塔星螺 Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843)，塔蝾螺
• Bolma myrica Okutani, 2001
• Bolma opaoana Bouchet & Métivier, 1983
• 红沙蝾螺 Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)
• Bolma pseudobathyraphis Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)
• Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Bolma sabinae Alf & Kreipl, 2004
• Bolma somaliensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
• Bolma tamikoana (Shikama, 1973)
• Bolma tantalea Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• 泰勒氏蝾螺 Bolma tayloriana (E. A. Smith, 1880)
• Bolma venusta (Okutani, 1964)

异名

• Bolma christianeae Nolf, 2005：为Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)的异名。
• Bolma clemenceae Bozzetti, 2010：为Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)的异名。
• Bolma erectospina Kosuge, 1983：为Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)的异名。
• Bolma formosana (Shikama, 1977)：为Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)的异名。
• Bolma macandrewii (Mørch, 1868)：为Anadema macandrewii (Mörch, 1868)的异名。
• Bolma sunderlandi Petuch, 1987：为Cantrainea sunderlandi (Petuch, 1987)的异名。

下列物种也列在印度洋-太平洋软体动物数据库中^[5]

• 'Bolma (Galeoastraea) asteriola (DALL, 1925)

Bolma persica