耳螺科

耳螺科（学名：Ellobiidae），亦作耳蜗牛科^[3]，是腹足纲耳螺总科（学名：Ellobioidea）之下的一个科^[4]。耳螺科物种体型细小，皆可呼吸空气。旧属原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺总科^[5][6]，之后耳螺科改属耳螺总科^[7]:6。2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，整个耳螺总科仍被归到基眼类非正式群组^[4]。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足类分类》，耳螺科联同另外两个科共同组成耳螺目^[8]。

耳螺科
A live but retracted individual of Laemodonta siamensis on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	耳螺目 Ellobiida
总科：	耳螺总科 Ellobioidea Pfeiffer, 1854
科：	耳螺科 Ellobiidae Pfeiffer, 1854
多样性[1]
约有250个有效物种
异名[2]
Melampidae Stimpson, 1851

Drawing of shells of Ellobium pyramidale.

型态描述

本科物种螺壳的一大特征，除了其耳状的螺壳外，还有其锯齿状的壳口^[9]。

分布及栖息地

本科物种遍布全世界，但仍主要集中于印度洋-西太平洋海域^[9]。部分物种嗜盐，常栖息在河口半淡咸水域^[10]或红树林的高潮区、盐沼地等范围^[9]。尽管本科物种可呼吸空气，而事实上在热带亦有部分物种可完全营陆生，但其馀物种仍不时要返回海水里^[9]，所以WoRMS指本科物种的栖息环境同时包括海洋、咸淡水交界及陆生^[2]。

系统分类

属

截至2018年8月28日 (2018-08-28)^[update]，WoRMS纪录本科包括以下各个亚科与属^[2]：

罂粟蜗牛亚科 Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830，果瓣螺亚科

• 小罂粟蜗牛属 Carychiella Strauch, 1977
• † Carychiopsis Sandberger, 1872
• 罂粟蜗牛属 Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773，异名：Auricella Jurine, 1817， Auriculina Moquin-Tandon, 1856和Saraphia Risso, 1826，果瓣螺属
• Koreozospeum Jochum & Prozorova, 2015
• † Protocarychium Pan, 1982
• Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856，异名：Speozoum Hamann, 1896

耳螺亚科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)

• Auriculinella Tausch, 1886，异名： Leuconia Gray, 1840和Leucopepla Peile, 1926
• Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
• 耳螺属 Ellobium Röding, 1798，异名：AuriculaLamarck, 1799， AuriculinaKobelt, 1898， Auriculodes Strand, 1928，Auriculus Montfort, 1810， Autonoe Guppy, 1868，Autonoella Wenz, 1947， Geovula Swainson, 1840
• Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949
• † Stolidomopsis Sandberger, 1875

尖耳螺亚科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)

• Detracia Gray, 1840
• 尖耳螺属 Melampus Montfort, 1810：嗜盐。，异名Conovulus Lamarck, 1816， Pira H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855，Tifata H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
• Tralia Gray, 1840

趾蜗牛亚科 Pedipedinae

• 趾蜗牛属 Pedipes Férussac, 1821^[11]

扁耳螺亚科 Pythiinae Odhner, 1925

• 异耳螺属 Allochroa Ancey, 1887：嗜盐。
• 金耳螺属 Auriculastra Martens, 1880：嗜盐。异名：Cylindrotis Möllendorff, 1895
• 冠耳螺属 Cassidula Férussac, 1821：又名鼬耳螺属，嗜盐。异名：Cassidulella ！Thiele, 1934， Cassidulina Thiele, 1931， Rhodostoma Swainson, 1840
• 肋耳螺属 Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
• Myosotella Monterosato, 1906：嗜盐。
• 皱耳螺属 Ophicardelus Beck, 1838：嗜盐。
• Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
• Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
• 女教士螺属 Pythia Röding, 1798：嗜盐。

异名：

 » Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name)
 » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia])
 » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
 » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821
 » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
 » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
 » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling)
 » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
 » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798

• • 扁耳螺属 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亚科的模式属。
    • 花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams)^[12]
    • 厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase^[12]
• subfamily Zaptychiinae †
• Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 † ：本亚科的模式属。
• 亚科地位未定
  • Genus Juramarinula Bandel, 1991 †
  • Genus Leopoldium Bandel & Riedel, 1994 †
  • Genus Melampoides Yen, 1951 †
  • Genus Mesauriculstra Yen, 1952 †
  • Genus Mesochilina Yen, 1951 †
  • Genus Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922 †
  • Genus Proauriculastra Bandel, 1991 †
  • Genus Pythiopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
  • Genus Rhytophorus Meek, 1871 †
  • Genus Semiauricula Cossmann, 1889 †
  • Genus Stolidoma Deshayes, 1863 †
  • Genus Tortacella White, 1895 †
  • Genus Traliopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †

subfamily ?

• Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
• Auriculodes Strand, 1928
• Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
• Creedonia Martins, 1996
• Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840
• Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884
• Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
• 微耳螺属 Microtralia Dall, 1894：嗜盐。
• Ophicardelus Beck, 1838
• Ovatella Bivona, 1832
• Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
• Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900
• Tralia Gray, 1840

异名：

• Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
• Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
• Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
• Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
• Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
• Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
• Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
• Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
• Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
• Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
• Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
• Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
• Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
• Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
• Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894

Taxonomic note

Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)