aver

参见：avér、avēr、avêr、avër 和 a ver

英语

词源1

继承自中古英语 averren^[1]，源自古法语 averer，源自早期中世纪拉丁语 advērō，派生自拉丁语 vērus (“真的”)。对照现代法语 avérer。

发音

• (标准英音) 国际音标^(帮助): /əˈvɜː/

• 音频 (南英格兰)：

  (档案)

• (通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助): /əˈvɝ/
• 韵部：-ɜː(ɹ)

动词

aver (第三人称单数简单现在时 avers，现在分词 averring 或 (棄用) avering，一般过去时及过去分词 averred 或 (棄用) avered)

1. (及物、不及物) 断言，坚称
   • 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“Causes of Heroicall Loue, Temperature, Full Diet, Idlenesse, Place, Climat, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 2, member 2, subsection 1，页 209:

     A rare thing to ſee a yong man or woman, that liues idlely, and fares well, of what condition ſoeuer, not to bee in loue. Vbicumqꝫ ſecuritas, ibi libido dominatur, luſt & ſecurity domineere together, as S^t Hierome auerreth.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1660，Samuel Fisher，“[Rusticus ad Academicos in Exercitationibus Expostulatoriis, Apologeticis Quatuor. The Rustick’s Alarm to the Rabbies: Or, The Country Correcting the University and Clergy, and (Not without Good Cause) Contesting for the Truth, against the Nursing Mothers and Their Children. In Four Apologetical and Expostulatory Exercitations; [...]] The Third Apologetical, and Expostulatory Exercitation”, in The Testimony of Truth Exalted, […]，[London?]: [s.n.], 出版于 1679, →OCLC, chapter I，页 411:

     Now as to the Scriptures being the Word of God, and evidently known to be ſo, or evidencing themſelves to be ſo, and that of right, and properly they are to be ſo called; all which thou J. O. very abſolutely averreſt, […]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

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   • 1701，Lawrence Smith，“[First Discourse on 2 Timothy 1:10]”, in The Evidence of Things Not Seen: Or, The Immortality of the Human Soul, and the Separate Condition thereof in the Other World, Asserted and Made Manifest: […]，London: […] Thomas Speed, […], →OCLC，页 1:

     [T]he partial Infidel […] averreth the Sleep or Inſenſibility of the Soul both in good and bad perſons，源自the time of their Deceaſe hence until their Reſurrection; […]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

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   • 1939年8月25日，“Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead”, in Yip Harburg 作词, Harold Arlen 作曲, The Wizard of Oz (soundtrack), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer:

     As Coroner, I must aver, I thoroughly examined her. / And she's not only merely dead, she's really most sincerely dead.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1997，Frederick W. Case, Jr., Roberta B. Case，“The North American Trilliums”, in Trilliums，Portland, Or.: Timber Press, →ISBN，页 109:

     Horticulturalist Richard Lighty has a form [of Trillium grandiflorum] that he avers to open almost a cerise-red.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2007年7月26日，European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section)，Peev v. Bulgaria (Application no. 64209/01)‎^[1]，Strasbourg, paragraph 19:

     In the meantime, on 5 June 2000, the applicant had brought a civil action against the Prosecutor's Office. He alleged that the termination of his contract had been unlawful and sought reinstatement and compensation for loss of salary. He averred, inter alia, that the climate in the Supreme Cassation Prosecutor's Office had deteriorated as a result of the actions of the Chief Prosecutor.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2019年4月14日，Alex McLevy，“Winter is Here on Game of Thrones’ Final Season Premiere (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club‎^[2]，存档自the original on 18 December 2020:

     [W]hen Yara tells him he picked the losing side, he avers that he might just as soon head back to the Iron Islands—"But first, I'm gonna fuck the queen" [...]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. (及物、不及物，法律) 证明或证实（某人提出的指控或请求）
3. (及物，弃用) 承认、证明或证实（某事物）的存在或发生，或提出这样做
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   • 1841 December，R[ichard] R[obert] Madden，“Address on Slavery in Cuba, Presented to the General Anti-slavery Convention”, in The Churchman’s Monthly Review，London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside; and sold by L. and G. Seeley, […], →OCLC，页 705:

     [A]lthough thou averrest this, and averrest it truly, we are nevertheless constrained to plead guilty to the possession of so much of this sensibility [a refusal to hear details] (call it "sickly" if thou wilt) as that they case once proved, our feeling of duty refuses to sustain us any longer against that combined and overwhelming influence of shattered nerves and a sickened heart.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

变位

aver的变位

不定式	(to) aver
	现在时	过去式
第一人称单数	aver	averred
第二人称单数	aver, averrest1	averred, averredst1
第三人称单数	avers, averreth1	averred
复数	aver
虚拟语气	aver
祈使语气	aver	—
分词	averring	averred

¹古旧或弃用。

近义词

• (坚称)： swear

派生词汇

• averrable
• averral
• averred (adjective)
• averrer
• unaverred

相关词汇

• averment

词源2

继承自中古英语 aver、avere (“役马；泛指任何驮畜；所有物、财物、财产、财富；富有；所有权、占有权”) [以及其他形式]^[2][3]：

• 源自古法语 aver、aveir、avoir (“财产，财物；（统称）驮兽；家畜；牛”)（现代法语 avoir (“资产，财产”)），源自 aveir、avoir (“有”)，源自拉丁语 habēre^[4]，habeō (“拥有，持有，占有”) 的现在主动不定式，源自原始印欧语 *gʰeh₁bʰ-, *ǵʰeh₁bʰ- (“抓，拿”)；或
• 继承自古英语 eafor (“驮马；佃户运输货物的义务”)，进一步的词源未知。^[2]

发音

• (标准英音) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈeɪvə/
  • 同音词：Ava
• (通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助): /ˈeɪvɚ/

名词

aver (复数 avers)

1. (英国，方言，古旧) 驮畜；主要指役马，但也可指公牛或其他动物
2. (北英格兰，苏格兰，方言，古旧) 老马，驽马
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