英語不規則動詞

英語中有大約 200 個不規則動詞，如果把前綴派生詞也計算在內的話，則會更多。在大多數情況下，不規則動詞的不規則性體現在過去式和過去分詞上。

本條目包含了英語中常用的不規則動詞。完整的不規則動詞表可參見英語不規則動詞列表。

通常來說，不規則動詞的第三人稱單數和現在分詞的屈折變化（分別是加 -[e]s 或 -ing 後綴）是規則的，但也有一些例外：如動詞 be, have, do, go, say 等。有些情態動詞則沒有部分屈折形態。

英語中的不規則動詞包含了日常生活中最常用的動詞。英語中的新詞（如外來詞）往往遵循一般的屈折變化，除非它們的詞根是一個不規則動詞（如 housesit 遵循和 sit 一樣的不規則屈折變化）。

現代英語中的大部分的不規則動詞由日耳曼語強變化動詞派生而來，這些動詞往往通過元音變換來體現屈折形式，比如現代英語中 sing-sang-sung。相對的，規則動詞在詞尾加 -ed 的屈折變化，則是來源於日耳曼語弱變化動詞在詞尾加齒音（-t 或 -d）的習慣。^[1]

有關動詞英語中規則動詞變位的信息，可參見英語動詞條目。

列表

本列表包含184個現代英語中常用的不規則動詞。罕用、僅在方言中使用、現今不再使用、透過給基礎動詞加上前綴形成的動詞（如 unbend、 understand,、mistak等，收錄在第二個表格中）不包含在內。不收錄非限定動詞（如 clad, sodden 等）

以下列表中，加底線的變體代表其為較少使用的變體。

過去式/過去分詞不規則

• B
• be (am、is、are) – was (were) – been
• bear – bore – borne/bore
• beat – beat – beaten
• begin – began – begun
• bend – bent – bent
• bet – bet – bet
• bid – bade/bid – bidden/bid
• bide – bided/bode – bided
• bind – bound – bound
• bite – bit – bitten
• bleed – bled – bled
• blend – blended/blent – blended/blent
• blow – blew – blown
• break – broke – broken
• breed – bred – bred
• bring – brought – brought
• build – built – built
• burn – burnt/burned – burnt/burned
• burst – burst – burst
• buy – bought – bought
• C
• can – could/canned– canned
• cast – cast – cast
• catch – caught – caught
• chide – chided/chid – chided/chid/chidden
• choose – chose – chosen
• clad – clad/cladded – clad/cladded
• cleave – clove/cleft/cleaved – cloven/cleft/cleaved
• cling – clung – clung
• clothe – clothed/clad – clothed/clad
• come – came – come
• cost – cost – cost
• creep – crept/creeped – crept/creeped
• crow – crowed/crew – crowed
• cut – cut – cut
• D
• deal – dealt – dealt
• dig – dug – dug
• dive – dived/dove – dived/dove
• do (does）– did – done
• draw – drew – drawn
• dream – dreamed/dreamt – dreamed/dreamt
• drink – drank – drunk
• drive – drove – driven
• dwell – dwelt/dwelled – dwelt/dwelled
• E
• eat – ate – eaten
• F
• fall – fell – fallen
• feed – fed – fed
• feel – felt – felt
• fight – fought – fought
• find – found – found
• fit – fit/fitted – fit/fitted
• flee – fled – fled
• fling – flung – flung
• fly – flew – flown
• forsake – forsook – forsaken
• freeze – froze – frozen
• G
• get – got – gotten/got
• gild – gilded/gilt – gilded/gilt
• give – gave – given
• go – went – gone
• grind – ground – ground
• grow – grew – grown
• H
• hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged
• have (has) – had – had
• hear – heard – heard
• hew – hewed – hewn/hewed
• hide – hid – hidden
• hit – hit – hit
• hold – held – held
• hurt – hurt – hurt
• K
• keep – kept – kept
• kneel – knelt/kneeled – knelt/kneeled
• knit – knit/knitted – knit/knitted
• know – knew – known
• L
• lay – laid – laid
• lead – led – led
• lean – leaned/leant – leaned/leant
• leap – leaped/leapt – leaped/leapt
• learn – learned/learnt – learned/learnt
• leave – left – left
• lend – lent – lent
• let – let – let
• lie – lay/lied – lain/lied
• light – lit/lighted – lit/lighted
• lose – lost – lost
• M
• make – made – made
• may – might – 缺
• mean – meant – meant
• meet – met – met
• mow – mowed – mowed/mown
• P
• pay – paid – paid
• plead – pleaded/pled – pleaded/pled
• prove – proved – proved/proven
• put – put – put
• Q
• quit – quit – quit
• R
• read（ /riːd/ ）– read（ /rɛd/ ）– read（ /rɛd/）
• rend – rent – rent
• rid – rid/ridded – rid/ridded
• ride – rode – ridden
• ring – rang – rung
• rise – rose – risen
• run – ran – run
• S
• saw – sawed – sawn/sawed
• say (says /sɛz/) – said – said
• see – saw – seen
• seek – sought – sought
• sell – sold – sold
• send – sent – sent
• set – set – set
• sew – sewed – sewn/sewed
• shake – shook – shaken
• shall – should – 缺
• shear – sheared – shorn/sheared
• shed – shed – shed
• shine – shone/shined – shone/shined
• shit – shat/shit/shitted – shat/shit/shitted
• shoe – shoed/shod – shoed/shod
• shoot – shot – shot
• show – showed – shown/showed
• shrink – shrank/shrunk – shrunk
• shrive – shrove – shriven
• shut – shut – shut
• sing – sang – sung
• sink – sank – sunk
• sit – sat – sat
• slay – slew/slayed – slain/slayed
• sleep – slept – slept
• slide – slid – slid
• sling – slung – slung
• slink – slunk – slunk
• slit – slit – slit
• smell – smelled/smelt – smelled/smelt
• smite – smote – smitten
• sneak – sneaked/snuck – sneaked/snuck
• sow – sowed – sown/sowed
• speak – spoke – spoken
• speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded
• spell – spelled/spelt – spelled/spelt
• spend – spent – spent
• spill – spilled/spilt – spilled/spilt
• spin – spun – spun
• spit – spat/spitted/spit – spat/spitted/spit
• split – split – split
• spoil – spoiled/spoilt – spoiled/spoilt
• spread – spread – spread
• spring – sprang/sprung – sprung
• stay – stayed/staid – stayed/staid
• stand – stood – stood
• stave – staved/stove – staved/stove
• steal – stole – stolen
• stick – stuck – stuck
• sting – stung – stung
• stink – stank – stunk
• strew – strewed – strewn/strewed
• stride – strode – stridden
• strike – struck – struck/stricken
• string – strung – strung
• strive – strove/strived – striven/strived
• swear – swore – sworn
• sweat – sweated/sweat – sweated/sweat
• sweep – swept – swept
• swell – swelled – swollen/swelled
• swim – swam – swum
• swing – swung – swung
• T
• take – took – taken
• teach – taught – taught
• tear – tore/teared– torn/teared
• tell – told – told
• text – texted/text – texted/text
• think – thought – thought
• thrive – thrived/throve – thrived/thriven
• throw – threw – thrown
• thrust – thrust – thrust
• tread – trod/treaded – trodden/trod/treaded
• W
• wake – woke – woken
• wear – wore – worn
• weave – wove/weaved –wove/woven/weaved
• wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded
• weep – wept – wept
• wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted
• will – would – 缺
• win – won – won
• wind – wound – wound
• wring – wrung – wrung
• write – wrote – written

現在式不規則

• B
• be – am/are/is
• D
• do – does
• G
• go – goes（實為規則變化）
• H
• have – has
• S
• say ( /se/ ) – says ( /sɛz/ )

下表為標準英語所規範的207個（包含37個派生動詞）個不規則動詞。

過去式/過去分詞不規則

• A
• a：
  • arise – arose – arisen
  • awake – awoke – awoken
• B
• be：
  • become – became – become
  • befall – befell – befallen
  • beget – begot – begotten
  • behold – beheld – beheld
  • beset – beset – beset
• be (am、is、are) – was (were) – been
• bear – bore – borne
• beat – beat – beaten
• begin – began – begun
• bend – bent – bent
• beseech – besought – besought
• bet – bet – bet
• beware – 缺 – 缺
• bid – bid – bid
• bind – bound – bound
• bite – bit – bitten
• bleed – bled – bled
• blow – blew – blown
• break – broke – broken
• breed – bred – bred
• bring – brought – brought
• build – built – built
• burst – burst – burst
• buy – bought – bought
• C
• can – could/canned– canned
• cast – cast – cast
• catch – caught – caught
• chide – chided – chidden
• choose – chose – chosen
• cleave – clove/cleaved – cloven/cleaved
• cling – clung – clung
• come – came – come
• cost – cost – cost
• creep – crept – crept
• cut – cut – cut
• D
• dare – 缺 – 缺
• deal – dealt – dealt
• dig – dug – dug
• do (does）– did – done
• draw – drew – drawn
• drink – drank – drunk
• drive – drove – driven
• dwell – dwelt – dwelt
• E
• eat – ate – eaten
• F
• for(e)：
  • forbear – forbore – forborne
  • foretell – foretold – foretold
  • forgo – forwent – forgone
  • foresee – forsaw – forseen
  • foreshow – foreshowed – foreshown
• fall – fell – fallen
• feed – fed – fed
• feel – felt – felt
• fight – fought – fought
• find – found – found
• flee – fled – fled
• fling – flung – flung
• fly – flew – flown
• forsake – forsook – forsaken
• freeze – froze – frozen
• G
• get – got – got
• give – gave – given
• gird – girded – girt/girded
• go – went – gone
• grind – ground – ground
• grow – grew – grown
• H
• hang – hung – hung
• have (has) – had – had
• hear – heard – heard
• hew – hewed – hewn
• hide – hid – hidden
• hit – hit – hit
• hold – held – held
• hurt – hurt – hurt
• I
• in：
  • inlay – inlaid – inlaid
  • input – input – input
• inter：
  • interlay – interlaid – interlaid
  • interweave – interwove – interwoven
• K
• keep – kept – kept
• kneel – knelt – knelt
• know – knew – known
• L
• lade – laded – laden
• lay – laid – laid
• lead – led – led
• leave – left – left
• lend – lent – lent
• let – let – let
• lie – lay – lain
• light – lit – lit
• lose – lost – lost
• M
• mis：
  • mislead – misled – misled
  • misspeak – misspoke – misspoken
  • mistake – mistook – mistaken
  • misunderstand – misunderstood – misunderstood
• make – made – made
• may – might – 缺
• mean – meant – meant
• meet – met – met
• mow – mowed – mown
• must – 缺 – 缺
• O
• off：
  • offset – offset – offset
• over：
  • overbid – overbid – overbid
  • overdo – overdid – overdone
• ought – 缺 – 缺
• owe – ought/owed – owed
• P
• pre：
  • prepay – prepaid – prepaid
  • preset – preset – preset
• pay – paid – paid
• prove – proved – proven
• put – put – put
• Q
• quit – quit – quit
• R
• re：
  • redo – redid – redone
  • remake – remade – remade
  • rewrite – rewrote – rewritten
• read（ /riːd/ ）– read（ /rɛd/ ）– read（ /rɛd/）
• rend – rent – rent
• rid – rid – rid
• ride – rode – ridden
• ring – rang – rung
• rise – rose – risen
• rive – rived – rived/riven
• run – ran – run
• S
• saw – sawed – sawn
• say (says /sɛz/) – said – said
• see – saw – seen
• seek – sought – sought
• sell – sold – sold
• send – sent – sent
• set – set – set
• sew – sewed – sewn
• shake – shook – shaken
• shall – should – 缺
• shear – sheared – shorn
• shed – shed – shed
• shine – shone – shone
• shoe – shod – shod
• shoot – shot – shot
• show – showed – shown
• shrink – shrank – shrunk
• shrive – shrove – shriven
• shut – shut – shut
• sing – sang – sung
• sink – sank – sunk
• sit – sat – sat
• slay – slew – slain
• sleep – slept – slept
• slide – slid – slid
• sling – slung – slung
• slink – slunk – slunk
• slit – slit – slit
• smell – smelt – smelt
• smite – smote – smitten
• sow – sowed – sown
• speak – spoke – spoken
• speed – sped – sped
• spend – spent – spent
• spill – spilt – spilt
• spin – spun – spun
• spit – spat/spitted – spat/spitted
• split – split – split
• spoil – spoilt – spoilt
• spread – spread – spread
• spring – sprang – sprung
• stand – stood – stood
• stave – staved/stove – staved/stove
• steal – stole – stolen
• stick – stuck – stuck
• sting – stung – stung
• stink – stank – stunk
• strew – strewed – strewn
• stride – strode – stridden
• strike – struck – struck
• string – strung – strung
• strive – strove – striven
• swear – swore – sworn
• sweep – swept – swept
• swell – swelled – swollen
• swim – swam – swum
• swing – swung – swung
• T
• take – took – taken
• teach – taught – taught
• tear – tore– torn
• tell – told – told
• think – thought – thought
• thrive – thrived – thriven
• throw – threw – thrown
• thrust – thrust – thrust
• tread – trod – trodden
• U
• un:：
  • unbend – unbent – unbent
  • unweave – unwove – unwoven
• under：
  • underlie – underlay – underlain
  • understand – understood – understood
  • undertake – undertook – undertook
• up：
  • upset – upset – upset
• W
• with：
  • withdraw – withdrew – withdrawn
  • withhold – withheld – withheld
  • withstand – withstood – withstood
• wake – woke – woken
• wear – wore – worn
• weave – wove/weaved – woven/weaved
• wed – wed – wed
• weep – wept – wept
• wet – wet – wet
• will – would – 缺
• win – won – won
• wind – wound – wound
• wring – wrung – wrung
• write – wrote – written

現在式不規則

• B
• be – am/are/is
• D
• do – does
• G
• go – goes（實為規則變化）
• H
• have – has
• S
• say ( /se/ ) – says ( /sɛz/ )

下表為英語前35常用動詞是否為不規則動詞的表格整理。

排名		單字	是否為
			不規則	強變化
			動詞
1		be	是	否
2		have
3		do
4		say
5		get
6		make
7		go		混合型
8		kmow		是
9		take
10		see
11		come
12		think		否
13		look	否
14		want
15		give	是	是
16		use	否	否
17		find	是
18		tell
19		ask	否
20		work
21		seem
22		feel	是
23		try	否
24		leave	是
25		call	否
26		put	是
27		keep
28		let
29		begin		是
30		help	否	否
31		talk
32		turn
33		Start
34		show	混合型	是
35		hear	是
統計	前35	是	22	8
		否	12	26
		混合型	1	1
	前10	是	10	3
		否	0	6
		混合型	0	1

部分動詞的三態在英式英語與美式英語中存在差異，以下列表整理。

單字	英式		美式		備註
	過去式	過去分詞	過去式	過去分詞
get	got		got	gotten	gotten為舊有形式，18世紀後在英國被淘汰，在美國於19世紀重新興起
learn	learnt		learned		英式t，美式規則化
burn	burnt		burned
spell	spelt		spelled
dream	dreamt		dreamed
smell	smelt		smelled
spoil	spoilt		spoiled
spill	spilt		spilled
lean	leant/leaned		leaned
kneel	knelt		kneeled
leap	leapt		leaped
dive	dived		dove	dived	drive類推
plead	plead		pled/plead		美式口語常用pled，類推形成
thrive	throve	thriven	thrived		美式規則化
fit	fit		fitted/fit		美式規則化