PTEN (基因)

磷酸酯酶與張力蛋白同源物（英語：Phosphatase and tensin homolog，簡稱為PTEN）是一種在人體中由PTEN基因編碼的蛋白質^[2]。該基因的突變是多種癌症進展過程的環節之一。

磷酸酯酶與張力蛋白同源物
人PTEN的晶體結構圖。N-端磷酸酯酶結構域以藍色表示而C-端C2結構域以紅色表示[1]。
有效結構 PDB 直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查詢代碼列表 1D5R​, 2KYL​
標識
代號	PTEN; 10q23del; BZS; CWS1; DEC; GLM2; MHAM; MMAC1; PTEN1; TEP1
擴展標識	遺傳學：601728 鼠基因：109583 同源基因：265 GeneCards: PTEN Gene
EC編號	3.1.3.16, 3.1.3.48, 3.1.3.67
基因本體論描述 分子功能 · magnesium ion binding · phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity · phosphoprotein phosphatase activity · protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity · protein tyrosine phosphatase activity · protein binding · protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity · lipid binding · anaphase-promoting complex binding · phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity · enzyme binding · protein kinase binding · PDZ domain binding · inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity · phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity 細胞成分 · nucleus · cytoplasm · cytosol · plasma membrane · internal side of plasma membrane · PML body · myelin sheath adaxonal region · cell projection · neuron projection · Schmidt-Lanterman incisure 生物過程 · regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity · angiogenesis · negative regulation of protein phosphorylation · regulation of B cell apoptotic process · protein dephosphorylation · phospholipid metabolic process · phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process · apoptotic process · induction of apoptosis · activation of mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activity · epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway · neuron-neuron synaptic transmission · synapse assembly · central nervous system development · heart development · learning or memory · locomotory behavior · cell proliferation · positive regulation of cell proliferation · negative regulation of cell proliferation · fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway · regulation of neuron projection development · negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade · cell migration · dentate gyrus development · central nervous system neuron axonogenesis · negative regulation of cell migration · negative regulation of myelination · regulation of protein stability · negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S · central nervous system myelin maintenance · regulation of cellular component size · regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process · multicellular organismal response to stress · social behavior · peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation · maternal behavior · negative regulation of apoptotic process · protein kinase B signaling cascade · endothelial cell migration · inositol phosphate metabolic process · small molecule metabolic process · innate immune response · locomotor rhythm · negative regulation of cell size · negative regulation of organ growth · inositol phosphate dephosphorylation · phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation · neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway · phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling · cardiac muscle tissue development · forebrain morphogenesis · brain morphogenesis · negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation · negative regulation of axonogenesis · protein stabilization · T cell receptor signaling pathway · positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity · negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly · negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade · rhythmic synaptic transmission · canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway · synapse maturation · prepulse inhibition · male mating behavior · long-term synaptic potentiation · prostate gland growth · dendritic spine morphogenesis · negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis · negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis · negative regulation of cell aging · negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential · presynaptic membrane assembly · postsynaptic density assembly · positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process · negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle · positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential · negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源體
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	5728	19211
Ensembl	ENSG00000171862	ENSMUSG00000013663
UniProt	P60484	O08586
mRNA序列	NM_000314	NM_008960
蛋白序列	NP_000305	NP_032986
基因位置	Chr 10: 89.62 – 89.73 Mb	Chr 19: 32.76 – 32.83 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]	[2]
閱 論 編

PTEN通過其磷酸酯酶蛋白產物而行使一種抑癌基因的作用。這一磷酸酯酶參與了細胞周期的調節，阻止細胞過快地生長與分裂^[3]。其為癌微RNAMIRN21的靶之一。

該基因被鑑定為一種腫瘤抑制物，在多種癌症中往往處於變異狀態。該基因編碼的蛋白質是一種磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸3-磷酸酯酶。該蛋白同時含有一張力蛋白樣結構域及一催化結構域，這與雙特異性蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶很相似。但與大部分蛋白質酪氨酸磷酸酶不同的是，該蛋白偏好脫去磷酸肌醇底物上的磷酸。該蛋白負性調控胞內磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸的水平，並通過負性調控Akt/PKB信號通道發揮抑癌基因的作用^[4]。