安娜·利蒂希婭·巴鮑德（Anna Laetitia Barbauld，/bɑːrˈboʊld/，婚前姓艾金Aikin；1743年6月20日—1825年3月9日[1]）是一位英國詩人，散文家，文學評論家，編輯和兒童文學作家。
巴鮑德是一個出版過多種類型作品的「知識分子」，在女性很少是職業作家的時代，她的寫作生涯很成功。她是帕爾格雷夫學院的著名教師，也是創新的兒童文學作家；她寫的兒童啟蒙書為一個多世紀的教育學提供了典範。[2]她的文章表明，女性有可能公開從事政治活動，而伊利沙伯·班格等其他女性作家則效仿她。[3]巴鮑德的文學生涯跨越了英國文學史上的許多時期：她的作品提升了啟蒙時代和感性的價值，而她的詩歌則為英國浪漫主義的發展做出了創造性的貢獻。[4]巴鮑德也是一位文學評論家。她對18世紀小說的選集有助於建立今天所知的經典。
巴鮑德的詩人生涯在1812年突然結束，當時她出版了《Eighteen Hundred and Eleven》，批評了英國參加拿破崙戰爭。她對她收到的惡毒評論感到震驚，終生沒有發表任何評論。[5]當在法國大革命的鼎盛時期受到她啟發的許多浪漫主義詩人在後來更保守的年代轉而反對她時，她的聲譽進一步受到損害。巴鮑德在19世紀作為一個迂腐的兒童作家而被人們記住，並且在20世紀被遺忘，直到20世紀80年代女權主義文學批評的興起才重新喚起了對她作品的興趣並恢復了她在文學史上的地位。[6]
作品列表
巴鮑德為孩子們寫的《兒童啟蒙教程》和《兒童散文讚美詩》是兒童文學的革命。有史以來第一次認真考慮了兒童讀者的需求。巴鮑德要求她的書籍頁邊距要寬，以便孩子們能夠輕鬆閱讀，更重要的是，她開發了一種「父母和孩子之間的非正式對話」的風格，這種風格將主導兒童文學一代人。[7]《兒童啟蒙教程》一本四卷，是低年齡兒童的閱讀入門書，它採用母親教育兒子的概念。更有可能的是，這些故事中的許多事件都是受到巴鮑德教導她自己的兒子查爾斯的經歷的啟發。這一系列不僅僅是介紹識字的方法，它還向兒童讀者介紹了「社會符號系統和概念結構的要素，灌輸了一種倫理，並鼓勵他發展某種情感。」這一系列啟蒙教程是比較流行的，瑪利亞·埃奇沃思在教育論文中評論說它是「七歲到十歲的年輕人最好的書之一。」[8]
- 1768: Corsica: An Ode
- 1773: Poems （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Poems. 1777.
- 1773: Miscellaneous Pieces in Prose (with John Aikin)
- 1775: Devotional Pieces, Compiled from the Psalms and the Book of the Job
- 1778: Lessons for Children from Two to Three Years Old (London: J. Johnson)[9][10]
- 1778: Lessons for Children of Three Years Old (London: J. Johnson)
- 1779: Lessons for Children from Three to Four Years Old (London: J. Johnson)[9]
- 1781: Hymns in Prose for Children (London: J. Johnson)[9]
- 1787: Lessons for Children, Part Three (London: J. Johnson)[9]
- 1788: Lessons for Children, Part Four (London: J. Johnson)[9]
- 1790: An Address to the Opposers of the Repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts
- 1791: An Epistle to William Wilberforce, Esq. on the Rejection of the Bill for Abolishing the Slave Trade （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） (London: J. Johnson)[10]
- 1792: Civic Sermons to the People
- 1792: Poems. A new edition, corrected. To which is added, An Epistle to William Wilberforce (London: J. Johnson)[10]
- 1792: Remarks on Mr. Gilbert Wakefield's Enquiry into the Expediency and Propriety of Public or Social Worship (London: J. Johnson)[10]
- 1792–96: Evenings at Home, or The Juvenile Budget Opened (with John Aikin, six volumes)
- 1793: Sins of Government, Sins of the Nation (1793)
- 1794: Reasons for National Penitence Recommended for the Fast Appointed on 28 February 1794
- 1798: "What is Education?" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Monthly Magazine 5
- 1800: Odes, by George Dyer, M. Robinson, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, J. Ogilvie, &c. (Ludlow: G. Nicholson)[10]
- 1802: The Arts of Life (with John Aikin)
- 1804: The Correspondence of Samuel Richardson . . . to which are prefixed, a biographical account of that author, and observations on his writing, (London: Richard Phillips;[10] edited with substantial biographical introduction, 6 vols)
- 1805: Selections from the Spectator, Tatler, Guardian, and Freeholder, with a Preliminary Essay (London: J. Johnson;[10] edited with an introduction, three volumes)
- 1805: The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside (London: W. Suttaby; edited)[10]
- 1810: The British Novelists; with an Essay; and Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, by Mrs. Barbauld （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, (London: F. C. & J. Rivington;[10] edited with a comprehensive introductory essay and introductions to each author, 50 volumes)
- 1810: An Essay on the Origin and Progress of Novel-Writing
- 1811: The Female Speaker; or, Miscellaneous Pieces in Prose and Verse, Selected from the Best Writers, and Adapted to the Use of Young Women (London: J. Johnson;[10] edited)
- 1812: Eighteen Hundred and Eleven (London: J. Johnson)[10]
- 1825: The Works of Anna Laetitia Barbauld. With a Memoir by Lucy Aikin, Volume 1 (London: Longman; edited by Barbauld's niece, Lucy Aikin)[10]
- 1826: A Legacy for Young Ladies, Consisting of Miscellaneous Pieces, in Prose and Verse (London: Longman;[10] edited by Barbauld's niece, Lucy Aikin, after Barbauld's death)
註釋
外部連結
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