布萊克本飛機有限公司

布萊克本飛機有限公司是一家英國飛機航空工業製造商，在20世紀上半葉主要生產海軍飛機與水上飛機。

布萊克本飛機有限公司
公司類型	私人股份有限責任公司
公司結局	收購合併
後繼機構	霍克·西德利（英語：Hawker Siddeley）
成立	1914
結束	1960
創辦人	羅伯特·布萊克本
總部	東約克郡布拉夫
產業	航空器、航空發動機
所有權者	霍克·西德利飛機公司
母公司	霍克·西德利飛機公司

History

羅伯特·布萊克本（英語：Robert Blackburn (aviation pioneer)）1908年在利茲創辦公司開始製造飛機。1914年公司的奧林匹亞工廠在朗德海（英語：Roundhay）開辦。^[1][2]

1914年布萊克本飛機與發動機公司開辦。^[3] 1916年在東約克郡布拉夫創辦新工廠。^[4] 羅伯特的兄弟諾曼·布萊克本（英語：Norman Blackburn (aviation pioneer)）成為董事總經理。1937年併購了Cirrus-Hermes（英語：Cirrus Engine），布萊克本公司由此開始生產飛機發動機，即Blackburn Cirrus（英語：Blackburn Cirrus）系列。^[5][6]

1949年合併了英國通用飛機有限公司（英語：General Aircraft Ltd），改名為「布萊克本與通用飛機有限公司」。^[7]1958年又改回布萊克本飛機有限公司。

1960年與1961年，布萊克本公司的飛機製造與發動機製造分別併入了霍克·西德利（英語：Hawker Siddeley）與布里斯托·西德利發動機有限公司。^[3]布萊克本的名字在1963年徹底廢棄。^[8]

飛機產品清單

Blackburn Beverley運輸機，1964年拍攝。

• Blackburn First Monoplane (1909) – Single-engine, single-seat high-wing monoplane aircraft
• Blackburn Second Monoplane (1911) – Single-engine midwing monoplane aircraft.
• Blackburn Mercury (1911) – Single-engine, two-seat midwing monoplane training aircraft^[9]
• Blackburn Type B (1912) – Single-engine, two-seat midwing monoplane training aircraft. A development of the Blackburn Mercury
• Blackburn Type D (1912) – Single-engine single-seat mid-winged monoplane. Preserved in flying condition by the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden, and survives as the oldest British-built aircraft.
• Blackburn Type E (1912) – Single-engine, midwing metal-framed monoplanes, one single-seater one twin.
• Blackburn Type I (1913) – Single-engine 1/2-seat mid-wing monoplane built both as land- and seaplane.
• Blackburn Type L (1914) – Single-engine two-seat biplane seaplane.
• AD Scout (1915) – Admiralty designed single-engine, single-seat pusher anti-Zeppelin aircraft. Two each built by Blackburn and by Hewlett & Blondeau.
• Blackburn Twin Blackburn (1915) – Twin-fuselage, two-engine, two-seat anti-Zeppelin seaplane.
• Blackburn General Purpose (1916) – Twin-engine three-seat seaplane biplane anti-submarine patrol bomber.
• Blackburn Triplane (1916) – Blackburn-designed triplane version of Scout
• Blackburn White Falcon (1916) – Single-engine two-seat mid-wing monoplane.
• Blackburn R.T.1 Kangaroo (1918) – Twin-engine, three-seat biplane reconnaissance/torpedo bomber^[9]
• Blackburn N.1B (1918) – Single-engine single-seat biplane flying boat escort bomber (started; not finished; never flew).
• Blackburn Blackburd (1918) – Single-engine, single-seat biplane torpedo bomber^[10]
• Blackburn Sidecar (1919) Single-engine two-seat mid wing monoplane ultra light: may not have flown.
• Blackburn T.1 Swift (1920) – Single-engine, single-seat floatplane torpedo bomber^[9]
• Blackburn T.2 Dart (1921) – Single-engine, single-seat biplane torpedo bomber^[9]
• Alula D.H.6 (1921) – Experimental aircraft to test the Alula wing using an Airco DH.6 fuselage.
• Alula Semiquaver (1921) – Single-engine Alula wing conversion of the Martinsyde Semiquaver.
• Blackburn R.1 Blackburn (1922) – Single-engine, three-seat biplane naval spotter/reconnaissance aircraft.
• Blackburn Pellet (1923) – Single-engine single-seat biplane Schneider racer.
• Blackburn Bluebird (1924) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane training/touring aircraft
• Blackburn T.4 Cubaroo (1924) – Single-engine, four-seat large biplane torpedo bomber.
• Blackburn T.3 Velos (1925) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane bomber floatplane^[11]
• Blackburn R.2 Airedale (1925) – Single-engine three-seat high-wing monoplane reconnaissance.
• Blackburn T.5 Ripon (1926) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane reconnaissance/torpedo bomber^[11]
• Blackburn Sprat (1926) single-engine two-seat biplane advanced trainer.
• Blackburn R.B.1 Iris (1926) – Three-engine, five-seat biplane flying boat^[9]
• Blackburn F.1 Turcock (1928) – Single-engine fighter aircraft.
• Blackburn F.2 Lincock (1928) – Single-engine, single-seat biplane fighter.
• Blackburn Beagle (1928) – Single-engine two-seat two-seat biplane bomber.
• Blackburn Bluebird IV (1929) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane training/touring aircraft.
• Blackburn 2F.1 Nautilus (1929) – Single-engine two-seat engine biplane fighter
• Blackburn T.7B (1929) – Single-engine three-seat biplane bomber/reconnaissance for Japanese Navy.
• Blackburn R.B.2 Sydney (1930) – Three-engine, four-seat parasol-wing long-range flying boat.
• Blackburn C.B.2 Nile (1930) – Three-engine, two-seat parasol-wing cargo transport, a variant of the Sydney.
• Blackburn B-1 Segrave (1930) – Twin-engine, four-seat low-wing monoplane touring aircraft^[12]
• Blackburn C.A.15C (1932) – Twin-engine ten passenger high-wing monoplane/ biplane airliner.
• Blackburn T.8 Baffin (1932) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane torpedo bomber.
• Blackburn B-2 (1932) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane training aircraft.
• Blackburn B-3 M.1/30 (1932) – Single-engine, two-seat biplane naval torpedo bomber.
• Blackburn B-5 Baffin^[11] (1932)
• Blackburn R.B.3 Perth (1933) – Three-engine, five-seat biplane flying boat.
• Blackburn T.9 Shark (1933) – single-engine, three-seat carrier-based biplane torpedo bomber; see also the prototype named Blackburn B-6 Shark^[11] (1933)
• Blackburn F.3 (1934) – Single-engine single-seat biplane fighter: built, never flew^[13]
• Blackburn B-7 (1934) – General-purpose biplane.
• Blackburn B-9 (H.S.T. 10) (1936) – Twin-engine twelve-passenger low-wing monoplane airliner: built, never flew
• Blackburn B-24 Skua (1937) – Single-engine, two-seat low-wing monoplane naval fighter/dive bomber^[14]
• Blackburn B-25 Roc (1938) – Single-engine, two-seat low-wing monoplane naval fighter/dive bomber with rear turret (built by Boulton Paul Aircraft)^[14]
• Blackburn B-26 Botha (1938) – Twin-engine, four-seat high-wing monoplane reconnaissance/torpedo bomber & crew trainer^[14]
• Blackburn B-29: Submission for a naval torpedo-bomber reconnaissance aircraft to Specification S.24/37 (which resulted in the Fairey Barracuda); mock-up only, never flew.
• Blackburn B-20 (1940) – Twin-engine, six-seat experimental monoplane retractable-hull flying boat.
• Blackburn B-37 Firebrand F Mk.I (1942) – Single-engine, single-seat propeller naval fighter^[15]
• Blackburn B.44 (1942) – Single-engine flying-boat fighter
• Blackburn B-45 Firebrand TF Mk.II (1943) – Single-engine, single-seat propeller naval strike fighter.
• Blackburn B-46 Firebrand TF Mk.IV (1945) – Single-engine, single-seat propeller naval strike fighter.
• Blackburn B-48 Firecrest (Y.A.1) (1947) – Single-engine, single-seat propeller naval strike fighter.
• Blackburn B-50 (1945) – Design proposal for a single engine Nene powered Fleet Air Arm strike fighter. Not built.^[16]
• Blackburn B-52 – Design proposal for a single-engined advanced trainer to meet Specification T.7/45. Not built.
• Blackburn B-67 (1947) – Design proposal for a naval fighter to specification N40/46. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-68 (1946) – Design proposal for a naval fighter. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-71 (1947) – Design proposal for a flexible deck landing version of B.67. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-74 (1947) – Design proposal for a naval fighter. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-54 (Y.A.5, Y.A.7, Y.A.8) (1949) – single-piston-engine, two-seat contra-rotating propeller naval anti-submarine aircraft.
• Blackburn B-82 (1949) – Design proposal for a naval fighter to specification N.14/49.^[17]
• Blackburn B-88 (Y.B.1) (1950) – single-turboprop-engine, two-seat contra-rotating propeller naval anti-submarine aircraft
• Blackburn B-89 (1951) – Submission for a naval fighter to specification N.114T.^[17]
• Blackburn B-90 (1951) – Design proposal for an experimental swing wing aircraft to ER.110T. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-94 (1951) – Design proposal for a flexible deck landing version of B.90. Not built.^[17]
• Handley Page HP.88 (Blackburn Y.B.2) (1951) – Experimental aircraft for Handley Page using a Supermarine-built fuselage.
• Blackburn B-95 (1952) – Design proposal for a revised version of B.89.^[17]
• Blackburn B-97 (1952) – Design proposal for a rocket powered fighter to specification F.124T. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-99 (1952) – Development of N.97. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-101 Beverley (1950) – four-engine, high-wing, propellers, transport airplane (designed by General Aircraft)^[9]
• Blackburn B-102 (1952) – Design proposal for a mixed powerplant fighter based on B.89 and B.95. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-103 Buccaneer (Y.B.3) (1958) – twin-engine, two-seat jet naval strike aircraft to specification NA.39^[9]
• Blackburn B-109 (1958) – Design proposal for a Mach 1.5 strike fighter version of the Buccaneer for the Canadian Air Force. Not built.^[17]
• Blackburn B-112 (1958) – Design proposal for a Mach 1.5 fighter version of the Buccaneer for the Royal Navy. Not built.^[18]
• Blackburn B-117 (1960) – Design proposal for a high attitude fighter version of the Buccaneer. Not built.^[18]
• Blackburn B-120 (1962) – Design proposal for a Mach 1.8 fighter version of the Buccaneer. Not built.^[18]

活塞發動機

• Blackburn Cirrus Major (1936)
• Blackburn Cirrus Minor (1937)
• Blackburn Cirrus Midget (1937)
• Blackburn Cirrus Bombardier (c. 1954)

渦輪發動機

• Blackburn-Turbomeca Artouste (1947)
• Blackburn-Turbomeca Palas (1950)
• Blackburn-Turbomeca Palouste (1952)
• Blackburn-Turbomeca A.129 (later known as the Bristol Siddeley Nimbus, then Rolls-Royce Nimbus) (1958)

參見

• 英國航宇工業（英語：Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom）

參考文獻

1. Roundhay Ward Neighbourhood Design Statement. leeds.gov.uk: 9. October 2010 [20 November 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-31）.
2. Fraser, Derek. VI: Industrial Development, 1780–1914. The History of Modern Leeds. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 1980: 164. ISBN 0-7190-0781-X.
3. Unsung hero who reached for the sky gets another chance to fly high again. The Yorkshire Post. 18 July 2013 [20 November 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-27）.
4. Mistry, Pritti. End of an era for Brough workers. BBC News. 1 March 2012 [20 November 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-27）.
5. Bridgman 1943，第10d頁.
6. Sherry, Alan M. The Blackburn, Dumbarton's Aircraft Factory. Catrine, Ayrshire: Stenlake Publishing. 1996: 9–10. ISBN 9781872074825.
7. Halpenny 1982，第33頁.
8. Historic bi-plane in flying visit. BBC News. 18 September 2015 [20 November 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-28）.
9. Blackburn, Robert. Obituary: Jessica Blackburn. The Independent. 22 May 1995 [20 November 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-27）.
10. Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber Since 1914. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. 1994: 28. ISBN 0-85177-861-5.
11. Gunston, Bill. World encyclopedia of aircraft manufacturers : from the pioneers to the present day 2. Stroud: Sutton. 2005: 61. ISBN 0-7509-3981-8.
12. Halpenny 1982，第32頁.
13. Halpenny 1982，第32–33頁.
14. Bridgman 1943，第12c頁.
15. Abraham 2002，第109頁.
16. Buttler, page 301.
17. Buttler, page 302.
18. Buttler, page 303.

• Abraham, Barry. Post-War Yorkshire Airfields. Stroud: Tempus. 2002. ISBN 0-7524-2390-8.
• Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's all the world's aircraft, 1942. New York: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co. 1943. OCLC 26177288.
• Buttler, Tony. British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950 ( 2nd edition) (Hardback). Manchester: Crecy Publishing. 2017. ISBN 978-1-910-80905-1.
• Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore. Action Stations 4; Military Airfields of Yorkshire. Cambridge: Patrick Stephens Ltd. 1982. ISBN 0-85059-532-0.
• Otter, Patrick. Yorkshire Airfields in the Second World War 4. Newbury: Countryside Books. 2003. ISBN 1-85306-542-0.

外部連結

• The history of Blackburn Aircraft Ltd. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• 有關布萊克本飛機有限公司在德國經濟學中央圖書館（ZBW）20世紀新聞檔案（英語：20th Century Press Archives）中的Documents and clippings。