說明:阿勒曼尼語國際音標
維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
下列圖表展示了國際音標(IPA)在維基百科條目中表示各阿勒曼尼語(士瓦本方言、低地阿勒曼尼語、高地阿勒曼尼語、至高阿勒曼尼語)發音的方式。對於有關在維基百科條目中添加IPA字符的指南,請參見{{IPA-gsw}}與Wikipedia:格式手冊/音標 § Notes。
這頁是維基百科的阿勒曼尼語國際音標發音指南。 |
註:
- 沒有一種阿勒曼尼語方言使用本指南中的所有音。
- 每個例詞都有其來源的方言名稱的標籤。
- 大部分例句來自蘇黎世方言(英語:Zürich German)。
- 大多數阿勒曼尼亞方言不常被書寫,因此沒有正式的拼寫。為了保持一致性,本指南使用由Dieth & Schmid-Cadalbert (1986)[1]提出的瑞士德語拼寫慣例。
請參閱伯恩德語音系(英語:Bernese German phonology)以了解更多關於阿勒曼尼語方言之一的發音。
More information 輔音, IPA ...
|
|
Close
註釋
- Cited in Fleischer & Schmid (2006:251頁)
- Some scholars choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents with the symbols ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩, rather than ⟨b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, ɣ̊, v̥, z̥, ʒ̊⟩. In that case, the fortis obstruents are transcribed ⟨pː, tː, kː, xː, sː, ʃː⟩ or ⟨pp, tt, kk, xx, ss, ʃʃ⟩, rather than ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩. Here, we choose to transcribe the lenis obstruents as ⟨b̥, d̥, ɡ̊, ɣ̊, v̥, z̥, ʒ̊⟩, whereas the fortis obstruents are transcribed ⟨p, t, k, x, s, ʃ⟩. Long fortis obstruents or geminates occur in most of Switzerland except for the extreme Northeast, Wallis, and the Grisons–St. Gall Rhine valley.
- If pronounced different from yew, cf. yew–hew merger.
- The aspirated consonants [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] occur in borrowings from Standard German (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244頁)). In the dialects of Basel and Chur, an aspirated [kʰ] is also present in native words.
- The /r/ phoneme can be pronounced as an alveolar trill [r] or an alveolar tap [ɾ] (with both being transcribed with ⟨r⟩ in this guide for the sake of simplicity),, a uvular trill [ʀ], a voiced uvular fricative or approximant [ʁ], a voiceless lenis uvular fricative [ʁ̥]. Some dialects (e.g. Zürich German) use all six realizations (Fleischer & Schmid (2006:244頁)).
- In Swabian German, /r/ is realized as a uvular approximant [ʁ̞] in syllable onset, but as a pharyngeal approximant [ʕ̞] in other positions (Markus Hiller. Pharyngeals and "lax" vowel quality (PDF). Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.). For simplicity, we transcribe these sounds as, respectively, [ʁ] and [ʕ].
- The schwa /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables.
文獻
- Dauwalder, Hans, Wie mma s seid und cha schriiben. Eine haslideutsche Kurzgrammatik, Meiringen: Gemeinnütziger Verein, 1992
- Dieth, Eugen; Schmid-Cadalbert, Christian, Schwyzertütschi Dialäktschrift. Dieth-Schreibung 2nd, Aarau: Sauerländer, 1986
- Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan, 苏黎世德语 (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2006, 36 (2): 243–253, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441
- Hotzenköcherle, Rudolf (編), Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz, Bern: Francke, 1962–1997
- Werlen, Iwar, Lautstrukturen des Dialekts von Brig im schweizerischen Kanton Wallis, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1977
- Marti, Werner, Berndeutsch-Grammatik, Bern: Francke, 1985, ISBN 3-7720-1587-5