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The vuvuzela (英語發音:/vuːvuːˈzeɪlə/) , sometimes called a "lepatata" (its Tswana name) or a stadium horn, is a blowing horn up to approximately 1米(3英尺3英寸) in length. It is commonly blown by fans at football matches in South Africa.[1] The instrument requires some lip and lung strength to blow and emits (from the standard shorter horn of 60–65 cm) a loud monotone (B♭3). A similar instrument (known as corneta in Brazil and other Latin American countries) is used by football fans in South America.[2] Very similar plastic horns have also been a tradition at the Quebec Winter Carnival for many years.[3]
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Vuvuzelas have been controversial.[4] They have been associated with permanent noise-induced hearing loss,[5] cited as a possible safety risk when spectators cannot hear evacuation announcements,[6] and potentially spread colds and flu viruses on a greater scale than coughing or shouting.[7][8] Vuvuzelas have also been blamed for drowning the sound and atmosphere of football games.[9][10] Commentators have described the sound as "annoying" and "satanic"[11] and compared it with "a stampede of noisy elephants",[12] "a deafening swarm of locusts",[13] "a goat on the way to slaughter",[14] and "a giant hive full of very angry bees".[15]
The sound level of the instrument has been measured at 127 decibels[16][5] contributing to football matches with dangerously high sound pressure levels for unprotected ears.[17] A new model, however, announced on 14 June 2010, has a modified mouthpiece which is claimed to reduce the volume by 20 dB.[16]