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喬治·巴斯
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喬治·弗萊徹·巴斯(英語:George Fletcher Bass,1932年12月9日—2021年3月2日)是美國考古學家。他是水下考古的早期實踐者,在1960年他參與共同指揮了第一次水下考古作業,徹底挖掘了格利多尼亞角(Cape Gelidonya)的一艘沉船,並於1972年成立了航海考古研究所(Institute of Nautical Archaeology)。
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生平
巴斯1932年12月9日出生於南卡羅來納州哥倫比亞,他的父親是英國文學教授羅伯特·鄧肯·巴斯(Robert Duncan Bass),母親是作家維吉尼亞·沃喬普(Virginia Wauchope),[1][2][3]他的叔叔是考古學家羅伯特·沃喬普(Robert Wauchope)。[4]在第二次世界大戰中,他的父親在美國海軍服役,並在美國海軍學院教授英語。[3][5]
巴斯少年時對天文學和海洋感興趣,並為第一個使用兩棲飛行器環遊世界的人——冒險家本·卡林打零工。[5]高中畢業後,他開始在約翰·霍普金斯大學攻讀英語專業,大學中他去了英格蘭埃克塞特大學進行交流,但因惡作劇而被停學。在停學途中他去了西西里島旅行,並對考古學產生了興趣。[5]回到約翰·霍普金斯大學後,他改換了專業,並於1955年獲得了大學考古學碩士學位。[4][5]之後他去希臘,在雅典美國古典研究學院(American School of Classical Studies at Athens)學習,同時發掘Gordion遺址。[5][6]1957年他在韓國服兵役。[5]
1960年,巴斯收到考古學家羅德尼·楊的邀請進行第一次考古——挖掘位於希臘格利多尼亞角的一艘古代沉船,為此巴斯學習了潛水。[5]在考古中他與瓊·普拉特·泰勒共同指揮。 巴斯成為聯合導演,與探險隊的瓊·普拉特·泰勒(Joan du Plat Taylor)並肩作戰。[5][7][8]1960年代,他發掘了青銅時代,古典時代和拜占庭時期的沉船。[5]1964年,他在賓夕法尼亞大學獲得古典考古學博士學位,並在該大學任職多年。[6]
1972年,巴斯成立了航海考古研究所。[9]之後他成為德克薩斯農工大學的教授,擔任海洋考古學系主任。[10]
1960年,巴斯與鋼琴家Ann Singletary結婚,他們有兩個兒子。[11]
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獲得獎項
著作
- Beneath the Seven Seas : Adventures with the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (London : Thames & Hudson, 2005) ISBN 0-500-05136-4, OCLC 60667939
- Archaeology Under Water by George Fletcher Bass (New York, Praeger, 1966), OCLC 387479
- Archaeology Beneath the Sea by George Fletcher Bass (New York : Walker, 1975) ISBN 0-8027-0477-8, OCLC 1414901
- Ancient ships in Bodrum by George Fletcher Bass (Istanbul: Boyut, 2012) ISBN 9789752310315, OCLC 880980693
- A History of Seafaring Based on Underwater Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (New York, Walker, 1972) ISBN 0802703909, OCLC 508334
- Ships and Shipwrecks of the Americas: a history based on underwater archaeology by George Fletcher Bass (New York, N.Y. : Thames and Hudson, 1988) ISBN 0-500-05049-X, OCLC 18759167
- Cape Gelidonya: a Bronze Age Shipwreck by George Fletcher Bass (Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1967), OCLC 953382
- Navi e Civiltà : Archeologia Marina by George Fletcher Bass (Milano : Fratelli Fabri, 1974), OCLC 8201972
- Yassi Ada by George Fletcher Bass and Frederick H Van Doorninck (College Station : Published with the cooperation of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by Texas A&M University Press, ©1982) ISBN 0-89096-063-1, OCLC 7925092
- Geschiedenis van de scheepvaart weerspiegeld in de scheepsarcheologie by George Fletcher Bass (Bussum : Unieboek, 1973) ISBN 90-228-1908-6, OCLC 64115385
- Serce Limani, vol. 1: the ship and its anchorage, crew, and passengers by George Fletcher Bass and others (College Station: Published with the cooperation of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology by Texas A&M University Press, 2004) ISBN 0-89096-947-7, OCLC 56457232
- Beneath the wine dark sea : nautical archaeology and the Phoenicians of the Odyssey by George F Bass, OCLC 41174856
- A diversified program for the study of shallow water searching and mapping techniques by George F Bass; Donald M Rosencrantz; United States Dept. of Navy, Office of Naval Research; University of Pennsylvania, University Museum (Philadelphia, Pa.: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1968), OCLC 61423407
- Glass treasure from the Aegean by George Fletcher Bass (Washington: National Geographic Society, 1978), OCLC 13594255
- Shipwrecks in the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology by George Fletcher Bass and Bodrum Sualtı Arkeoloji Müzesi (Bodrum : Museum of Underwater Archaeology, 1996) ISBN 975-17-1605-5, OCLC 35759537
- New tools for undersea archeology by George Fletcher Bass (v. 134, no. 3 (Sept. 1968) (Washington, D.C. : National Geographic Society, ©1968), OCLC 57758351
- Archäologie unter Wasser by George Fletcher Bass (Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 1966), OCLC 73584270
- Marine archaeology: a misunderstood science by George Fletcher Bass (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, ©1980), OCLC 13598481
- Tesori in fondo al mare by George Fletcher Bass (Milano: Sonzogno, 1981), OCLC 46996362
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參考資料
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