急性輻射綜合症

急性輻射綜合症，也被稱為輻射毒害^[1]、輻射中毒、輻射病（縮寫：ARS），是一種患者在24小時內暴露於大劑量的游離輻射下導致的綜合症，徵狀可持續多達數個月。^[2]^[3] 本術語意指急性醫療問題，而不是產生於長期輻射暴露的慢性輻射綜合症。^[4]^[5]^[6]

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發病和徵狀類型取決於患者的輻射暴露情況。劑量較小的輻射對消化系統產生影響，比如噁心，嘔吐，血指數下降的相關徵狀如感染和出血。大劑量的照射會導致神經系統損傷徵狀和快速死亡。治療急性輻射綜合症的一般方法為輸血和抗生素。^[2]

引發慢性輻射綜合症的低劑量輻射，雖不能導致急性綜合症，但經年累月的照射下也可能出現類似的徵狀。^[7] 輻射暴露同時也會提升某些其他疾病的罹患機率，比如癌症。^[8] 這些疾病有時也被作為輻射病來提及，但它們從不被包含在急性輻射綜合症中。

參見

[1]
radiation poisoning. 國家教育研究院. [2020-09-26].^{[失效連結]}
[2]
Donnelly EH, Nemhauser JB, Smith JM; et al. Acute radiation syndrome: assessment and management. South. Med. J. June 2010, 103 (6): 541–6. PMID 20710137. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181ddd571.
[3]
Xiao M, Whitnall MH. Pharmacological countermeasures for the acute radiation syndrome. Curr Mol Pharmacol. January 2009, 2 (1): 122–33. PMID 20021452. doi:10.2174/1874467210902010122.
[4]
Acute Radiation Syndrome. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005-05-20. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-04）.
[5]
Acute Radiation Syndrome (PDF). National Center for Environmental Health/Radiation Studies Branch. 2002-04-09 [2009-06-22]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2009-02-25）.
[6]
Acute Radiation Syndrome: A Fact Sheet for Physicians. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005-03-18. （原始內容存檔於2006-07-16）.
[7]
Reeves GI, Ainsworth EJ. Description of the chronic radiation syndrome in humans irradiated in the former Soviet Union. Radiat. Res. May 1995, 142 (2): 242–3. PMID 7724741. doi:10.2307/3579035.
[8]
伍浩松. 任何辐射都可能导致癌症. 國外核新聞. 2006, 7: 22.

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