細胞外基質
維基百科,自由的百科全書
細胞外基質 | |
---|---|
Illustration depicting extracellular matrix (basement membrane and interstitial matrix) in relation to epithelium, endothelium and connective tissue | |
細節 | |
識別標示 | |
拉丁語 | Matrix Extracellularis |
縮寫 | ECM |
MeSH | D005109 |
TH | H2.00.03.0.02001 |
Anatomical terms of microanatomy |
在生物學,細胞外間質或細胞外基質(Extracellular matrix)是動物組織的一部分,不屬於任何細胞。細胞外間質決定結締組織的特性。
組成成分
- 纖維結構蛋白:膠原蛋白(collagen)、彈性蛋白(elastin)、層粘連蛋白(laminin)和纖連蛋白(fibronectin)。其中膠原蛋白為最重要的成分。這些蛋白為巨長的大分子,形成堅韌的三股螺旋結構纖維。
- 多糖:透明質酸(hyaluronan)
- 蛋白多糖:含有糖胺多糖的硫酸軟骨素(chondroitin);含有硫酸肝素的糖蛋白。
此外細胞外間質還吸收了多種細胞生長因子和蛋白酶。當生理條件變化時,激活蛋白酶而釋放這些細胞因子,而無需從頭合成這些因子,從而迅速激活細胞功能。
功能
鑑於細胞外間質的多樣性,細胞外間質有多方面的功能。例如,為細胞提供支持和固定、提供組織間的分離方法、調節細胞間的溝通、調節細胞的動態行為。
細胞粘連
許多細胞與細胞外間質的成分結合。這種細胞與細胞外間質的粘連受特定的細胞表面細胞粘附分子如粘合素(integrin)的調節。粘合素可以傳導機械刺激從細胞外間質到細胞骨架。
疾病
參考文獻
- ^ Borg TK. It's the matrix! ECM, proteases, and cancer. Am J Pathol. 2004 Apr;164(4):1141-2
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Raghow R. The role of extracellular matrix in postinflammatory wound healing and fibrosis. FASEB J. 1994 Aug;8(11):823-31
- ^ Roman J. Extracellular matrix and lung inflammation. Immunol Res. 1996;15(2):163-78
延伸閱讀
- [ ANAT3231 Lecture 08 Extracellular Matrix] - Lecture about extracellular matrix from UNSW Cell Biology website.
- Extracellular matrix: review of its roles in acute and chronic wounds (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Usage of Extracellular Matrix from pigs to regrow human extremities (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- "The Extracellular Matrix of Animals", from Chapter 19 of The Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition, Alberts et al. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Biology, John W. Kimball. An online Biology textbook.
- [1] (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), The man who grew a finger, By Matthew Price, BBC news
- Sound Medicine - Heart Tissue Regeneration - July 19 interview discussing ECM and its uses in cardiac tissue repair (requires MP3 playback) [broken link].
- Growing Body Parts (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) - A December 2009 report by 60 Minutes
外部連結
|
|
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license.
Credit:
(see original file).