說明:馬來語國際音標
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下列圖表展示了在維基百科條目中用國際音標(IPA)表示馬來語(馬來西亞語及印尼語)發音的方式。對於有關在維基百科條目中添加IPA字符的指南,請參見{{IPA-ms}}、{{IPA-id}}與Wikipedia:格式手冊/音標 § Notes
這頁是維基百科的馬來語國際音標發音指南。 |
請參閱馬來語音系(英語:Malay phonology)以更全面地了解馬來語的發音。
More information IPA, 示例 ...
IPA | 示例 | 英語及其他語言中的近似發音 |
---|---|---|
b | bola[1] | beau |
d | dari[1] | do |
ð | izin, zakar[2] | the, father |
dʒ | jari | job |
f | fikir, visa[3] | festival |
ɡ | galah[4] | gain |
ɣ | ghaib, loghat[3] | 西班牙語 trigo |
h | habis, tokoh | hat |
j | yakin, kaya | yes |
k | kalah[1][4] | sky |
l | lama | clean |
m | makan | moon |
n | nakal | note |
ŋ | ngarai | feeling |
ɲ | nyaman | canyon |
θ | Selasa, salji, misal[2] | think, three |
p | pola[1] | spy |
r | raja, dari, pasar | 西班牙語 río[5] |
s | saya | six |
ʃ | syak[3] | shoe |
t | tari[1] | sty |
tʃ | cari | itchy |
v | visa[3] | vision |
w | waktu, Jawa | we |
x | khas[3] | 蘇格蘭英語 loch |
z | zaman[3] | zero |
ʔ | bapak, rakyat [1][4] | uh-oh |
Close
More information IPA, 示例 ...
IPA | 示例 | 英語中的近似發音 |
---|---|---|
a | ajar, buka[7][8] | father |
e | serong, kare, pilih, yakin, kirim[9] | clay[10] |
ɛ | pek, teh, bebek[11] | festival |
i | bila, ini | see |
ɪ | kirim[11] | bin |
o | roda, toko, tujuh, rumput[9] | sole[12] |
ɔ | pohon[11] | off |
u | upah, baru | moon |
ʊ | rumput[11] | foot |
ə | gelak, buka[7] | taken, about |
Close
More information IPA, 示例 ...
IPA | 示例 | 英語近似發音 |
---|---|---|
au, aʊ[13] | kalau[9] | how |
ai, aɪ[13] | capai[9] | bye |
ei, eɪ[13] | murbei | survey (罕) |
oi, oɪ[13] | sepoi | boy (罕) |
ui, uɪ[13] | fengsui | 英式英語 ruin (罕) |
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註釋
- /p/, /t/, /k/ are unaspirated, as in the Romance languages, or as in English spy, sty, sky. In final position, they are unreleased [p̚, t̪̚, ʔ̚], with final k being a glottal stop. /b, d/ are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, [p̚, t̚]. There is no liaison: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in kulit ubi "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix.
- The dental fricatives [θ, ð] are found solely in Arabic loanwords, but the writing is not distinguished from the Arabic loanwords containing the [s, z] sounds and these sounds must be learned separately by the speakers.
- The glottal stop [ʔ] is an allophone of /k/ and /ɡ/ in the coda: baik, bapak. It is also used between identical vowels in hiatus. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs) and rakyat (alternative word of 'people' or 'society'). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an.
- In traditional Malay areas, the rhotic consonant /r/ is realized as a velar or uvular fricative, [ɣ] or [ʁ], and elided word-finally. Elsewhere, including in Standard Indonesian, it is an alveolar tap [ɾ] or trill [r]. Its position relative to schwa is ambiguous: kertas "paper" may be pronounced [krəˈtas] or [kərəˈtas].
- The nasal consonants /m, n, ŋ, ɲ/ nasalize following vowels, and may nasalize a subsequent vowel if the intervening consonant is /h, j, w, ʔ/.
- [ɑ] is an occasional allophone of /a/ after or before more carefully pronounced consonant from Arabic loanwords, example: qari [qɑri].
- The Malay/Indonesian /e/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of clay (for most English dialects) and the vowel of get. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- The Malay /o/ doesn't quite line up with any English vowel, though the nearest equivalents are the vowel of sole (for most English dialects) and the vowel of raw. The Malay/Indonesian vowel is usually articulated at a point between the two.
- The pronunciation with the lax allophone [ɪ] or [ʊ] only occurs in Indonesian.