寡家蟻屬

盲切葉蟻屬（學名：Carebara）又稱盲切葉蟻屬或重頭蟻屬 ^[2]，是家蟻亞科的一種屬。該屬包含了世界上最小的螞蟻 —— 原子盲切葉蟻（Carebara atoma）

寡家蟻屬 化石時期：普里阿邦期至今：[1] 37.2–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
一隻多樣寡家蟻（C.diversa）的大兵
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
亞科：	家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae
族：	角腹蟻族 Crematogastrini
屬：	盲切葉蟻屬 Carebara Westwood,1840
模式種
木盲切葉蟻 Carebara lignata Westwood,1840
多樣性[2]
245個現生種（含亞種），10個化石種。
異名
Aeromyrma Forel, 1891 [3] Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994 [3] Aneleus Emery, 1900 [3] Crateropsis Patrizi, 1948 [3] Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M., 1903 [3] Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M., 1927 [3] Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913 [3] Neoblepharidatta Sheela & Narendran, 1997 [3] Nimbamyrma Bernard, 1953 [3] 稀切葉蟻屬 Oligomyrmex Mayr, 1867 [3] Paedalgus Forel, 1911 [3] Parvimyrma Eguchi & Bui, 2007 Solenops Karavaiev, 1930 [3][4] Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M., 1922 [3] Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948 [3] 巨首蟻屬 Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862 擬大頭家蟻屬 [5] Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M., 1929 Idrisella Santschi, 1937 [6][7] Phidologeton Bingham, 1903 [8][9][10]

描述

該屬是一個龐大的體系屬，擁有 234個有效物種（包括 9個化石物種）和 22 個亞種。^[11]

習性

該屬的物種幾乎遍布全球，主要記錄在熱帶和亞熱帶地區。部分物種在土壤或白蟻的土丘中築巢，有些物種也會棲息在爛木中。盲切葉蟻屬的大多數物種的體型十分微小，並且常年居住在地底，主要以死昆蟲和其他無脊椎動物為食。^[11]

然而，一些物種是具有大規模掠奪習性的侵略性地面捕食者（俗稱行軍蟻，但不是真正意義上的行軍蟻），例如已經被撤銷的巨首蟻屬（Pheidologeton）。目前關於盲切葉蟻的行為學和生命周期的研究仍然有限。^[11]

分類學^[11]

該屬根據木盲切葉蟻（Carebara lignata）建立，同時也是該屬的模式種。它在成立初期被納入了一個獨立的亞科：Attidae，但該亞科現已撤銷。後來，該屬的分類學地位在族中經歷了幾次變化：

• 火蟻族（英語：Solenopsidini） Solenopsidini (Forel 1893)
• 巨首蟻族 Pheidologetini Emery, 1914
  • 巨首蟻屬群 Pheidologeton genus group

由於不同種姓和多態性的記錄不完整。以下分類被認為是盲切葉蟻屬的異名：

• Aeromyrma Forel, 1891
• Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994
• Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M., 1929
• Aneleus Emery, 1900
• Crateropsis Patrizi, 1948
• Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M., 1903
• Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M., 1927
• Idrisella Santschi, 1937
• Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913
• Neoblepharidatta Sheela & Narendran, 1997
• Nimbamyrma Bernard, 1953
• 稀切葉蟻屬 Oligomyrmex Mayr, 1867
• Paedalgus Forel
• Parvimyrma Eguchi & Bui
• 巨首蟻屬 Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862 擬大頭家蟻屬
• Solenops Karavaiev, 1930
• Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M., 1922
• Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948

最終，基於對 11個基因的全面系統發育分析，該屬被納入了舉腹蟻族之下。

屬的級別的分類學變化已經取代了盲切葉蟻屬的一些早期區域修訂。此外，缺乏全面的修訂，尤其是對舊世界物種的修訂，給物種識別帶來了困難。為了解決這些問題，研究者對以下區域進行了研究：印度、沙特阿拉伯、非洲熱帶地區、巴西、馬達加斯加和澳大利亞。關於種團的研究最初集中在新大陸物種上，Fernández 回顧了美國物種，並根據工蟻種姓的形態提出了五個物種群。在舊世界，Bharti 和 Kumar 於2013年首次研究了盲切葉蟻屬的種群。他們將11個印度物種分為三組，基於 C. asina 的無眼小型工蟻將 C. concinna 種團與木盲切葉蟻種團（C. lignata species group）融合 。

Fischer 等人於2014年建立了 C. polita 種團，該種團與巨首蟻具有形態相似性，包括6個非洲熱帶物種和2個新熱帶物種。本研究還將巨首蟻屬與盲切葉蟻屬同義。後來 Fischer 等人於 2015年建立了 phragmotica 種團，Hosoishi 等人於 2022年提出了 acutispina 種團，但是這兩個種團都包括了C. phragmotic。

毒性

矮盲切葉蟻（英語：Carebara pygmaea）具有毒液。在泰國西部的一次田間調查中，一位收集者不小心被這個螞蟻蟄傷了。並在幾分鐘後內出現瘙癢的皮疹，並在兩天內出現水泡。^[12]

手在幾分鐘內出現紅疹（A）

兩天後內出現水泡（B）

物種列表[2][13]

• Carebara aberrans (Santschi, 1937)
• Carebara aborensis (Wheeler, 1913)
• Carebara abuhurayri Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011
• Carebara acuta (Weber, 1952)
• 尖刺盲切葉蟻 Carebara acutispina (Xu, 2003)
• Carebara adisaki Wimolsuthikul & Jaitrong, 2024
• 近緣盲切葉蟻 Carebara affinis Jerdon, 1851 相鄰寡家蟻
  • Carebara affinis javana Emery, 1893
  • Carebara affinis minor Emery, 1900
  • Carebara affinis spinosior Forel, 1911
  • Carebara affinis sumatrensis Forel, 1913
• Carebara afghana (Pisarski, 1970)
• 非洲盲切葉蟻 Carebara africana (Forel, 1910)
• Carebara alluaudi (Santschi, 1913)
  • Carebara alluaudi cataractae Santschi, 1919
• 阿爾珀特盲切葉蟻 Carebara alperti Fernández, 2010
• Carebara alpha (Forel, 1905)
• 高結盲切葉蟻 Carebara altinoda Xu, 2003
• 阿美盲切葉蟻 Carebara amia（荷蘭語：Carebara amia） Forel, 1913 阿美寡家蟻、阿美稀切葉蟻
• Carebara ampla（宿霧語：Carebara ampla） Santschi, 1912
• 安戈爾盲切葉蟻 Carebara angolensis (Santschi, 1914)
• Carebara angulata Fernández, 2004
• Carebara anophthalma (Emery, 1906)
• †Carebara antiqua (Mayr, 1868)
• Carebara arabara Fernández, 2010
• Carebara arabica (Collingwood & Van Harten, 2001)
• Carebara armata（英語：Carebara armata） (Donisthorpe, 1948)
• Carebara arnoldi (Forel, 1913)
• Carebara arnoldiella (Santschi, 1919)
• 兇惡盲切葉蟻 Carebara asina Forel, 1902
• 原子盲切葉蟻 Carebara atoma (Emery, 1900)
• Carebara audita Fernández, 2004
• Carebara bara Azorsa & Fisher, 2018
• Carebara bartrumi Weber, 1943
• 孟加拉盲切葉蟻 Carebara bengalensis Forel, 1902 孟加拉稀切葉蟻
• Carebara beta (Forel, 1905)
• Carebara bicarinata Santschi, 1912
• 雙角盲切葉蟻 Carebara bihornata（俄語：Carebara bihornata） (Xu, 2003)
• †Carebara bohemica (Novák, 1877)
• Carebara borealis (Terayama, 1996)
• Carebara bouvardi (Santschi, 1913)
• Carebara brasiliana Fernández, 2004
• Carebara brevipilosa Fernández, 2004
• Carebara bruchi (Santschi, 1933)
• 布氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara bruni（英語：Carebara bruni） Forel, 191
• Carebara butteli（英語：Carebara butteli） (Forel, 1913)
• 卷鬚盲切葉蟻 Carebara capreola Wheeler, 1927
  • 卷鬚盲切葉蟻滑頭亞種 Carebara capreola laeviceps
• Carebara carinata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
• 栗色盲切葉蟻 Carebara castanea Smith, 1858
  • Carebara castanea augustata Santschi, 1920
• 錫蘭盲切葉蟻 Carebara ceylonensis (Forel, 1911) 錫蘭寡家蟻
• Carebara coeca Fernández, 2004
• 平頭盲切葉蟻 Carebara colobopsis Hosoishi & Yamane, 2022
• Carebara concinna (Mayr, 1867)
• Carebara convexa (Weber, 1950)
• Carebara coqueta Fernández, 2006
• Carebara cornigera (Forel, 1902)

  

  寡婦盲切葉蟻（C. vidua）

• Carebara crassiuscula (Emery, 1900)
• 網紋盲切葉蟻 Carebara cribriceps（荷蘭語：Carebara cribriceps） (Wheeler, 1927)
• Carebara crigensis (Belshaw & Bolton, 1994)
• 彎刺盲切葉蟻 Carebara curvispina (Xu, 2003)
• Carebara debilis (Santschi, 1913)
• 齒盲切葉蟻 Carebara dentata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
• 齒突盲切葉蟻 Carebara dentiviris
• Carebara deponens（英語：Carebara deponens） (Walker, 1859)
• Carebara diabola (Santschi, 1913)
• Carebara diabolica (Baroni Urbani, 1969)
• Carebara distincta (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
• 多樣寡家蟻 Carebara diversa Jerdon, 1851 全異盲切葉蟻
  • 龍盲切葉蟻 Carebara diversa draco Santschi, 1920
  • 全異盲切葉蟻老撾亞種 Carebara diversa laotina Santschi, 1920
  • 全異盲切葉蟻麥氏亞種 Carebara diversa macgregori Wheeler, W.M., 1929
  • Carebara diversa philippina Wheeler, W.M., 1929
  • Carebara diversa standfussi Forel, 1911
  • Carebara diversa taprobanae Smith, F., 1858
  • Carebara diversa tenuirugosa Wheeler, W.M., 1929
  • 全異盲切葉蟻威氏亞種 Carebara diversa williamsi Wheeler, W.M., 1929
• Carebara donisthorpei (Weber, 1950)
• Carebara dota Azorsa & Fisher, 2018
• Carebara elmenteitae (Patrizi, 1948)
• 細長盲切葉蟻 Carebara elongata Fernández, 2004
• Carebara erythraea (Emery, 1915)
• Carebara escherichi（英語：Carebara escherichi） (Forel, 1911)
• Carebara fayrouzae Sharaf, 2013
• Carebara frontalis (Weber, 1950)
• Carebara globularia Fernández, 2004
• 格氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara grandidieri (Forel, 1891)
• 粒溝盲切葉蟻 Carebara granulatus
• Carebara guineana Fernández, 2006
• 般若盲切葉蟻 Carebara hannya（荷蘭語：Carebara hannya） (Terayama, 1996)
• Carebara hornata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
• 湖南盲切葉蟻 Carebara hunanenis Wu et Wang, 1995
• Carebara inca Fernández, 2004
• Carebara incerta (Santschi, 1919)
• Carebara incierta Fernández, 2004
• Carebara infima (Santschi, 1913)
• Carebara intermedia Fernández, 2004
• 雅氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara jacobsoni (Forel, 1911)
• Carebara jajoby Azorsa & Fisher, 2018
• Carebara jeanneli (Santschi, 1913)
• 江西盲切葉蟻 Carebara jinagxiensis Wu et Wang, 1995
• Carebara junodi Forel, 1904
• 卡米盲切葉蟻 Carebara khamiensis (Arnold, 1952)
• Carebara kofana Fernández, 2004
• Carebara kunensis (Ettershank, 1966)
• 滑頭盲切葉蟻 Carebara laeviceps Liu & Zhong, 2024
• Carebara lamellifrons (Forel, 1902)
• 郎氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara langi Wheeler, 1922
• 寬結盲切葉蟻 Carebara latinoda Zhou & Zheng, 1997
• Carebara latro (Santschi, 1937)
• Carebara leei (Forel, 1902)
• 木盲切葉蟻 Carebara lignata Westwood,1840 模式種
• 長頭盲切葉蟻 Carebara longiceps (Santschi, 1929)
• Carebara longii (Wheeler, 1903)
• Carebara lucida (Santschi, 1917)
• 光亮盲切葉蟻 Carebara lusciosa (Wheeler,1928)
• Carebara majeri Fernández, 2004
• Carebara manni (Donisthorpe, 1941)
• Carebara mayri (Forel, 1901)
• 黑溝盲切葉蟻 Carebara melasolena Zhou et Zheng,1997
• Carebara menozzii (Ettershank, 1966)
• Carebara minima (Emery, 1900)
• Carebara minuta Fernández, 2004
• Carebara mjobergi (Forel, 1915)
• Carebara nana（英語：Carebara nana） (Santschi, 1919)
• 南寧盲切葉蟻 Carebara nanningensis
• Carebara nayana (Sheela & Narendran, 1997)
• †Carebara nitida (Dlussky & Perkovsky, 2002)
• 諾福克盲切葉蟻 Carebara norfolkensis (Donisthorpe, 1941)
• Carebara nosindambo (Forel, 1891)
• Carebara nuda Fernández, 2004
• 鈍齒盲切葉蟻 Carebara obtusidenta (Xu, Z., 2003)
• Carebara octata (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
• Carebara oertzeni (Forel, 1886)
• 恩氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara oni (Terayama, 1996)
• Carebara osborni Wheeler, 1922
• 奧氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara overbecki (Viehmeyer, 1916)
• Carebara paeta (Santschi, 1937)
• Carebara panamensis (Wheeler, 1925)
• 帕氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara patrizii Menozzi, 1927
• Carebara paya Fernández, 2004
• Carebara perpusilla (Emery, 1895)
• Carebara peruviana (Emery, 1906)
• Carebara petulca (Wheeler, 1922)
• Carebara pilosa Fernández, 2004
• Carebara pisinna (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
• 光滑盲切葉蟻 Carebara polita (Santschi, 1914)
• 多音盲切葉蟻 Carebara polyphemus (Wheeler,1928)
• Carebara propomegata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
• 擬亮盲切葉蟻 Carebara pseudolusciosa (Wu et Wang,1995)
• 矮人盲切葉蟻 Carebara pumilia Fischer, Azorsa et Fisher, 2014
• 斑點盲切葉蟻 Carebara punctata (Karavaiev, 1931)
• 矮盲切葉蟻 Carebara pygmaea (Emery, 1887)
  • Carebara pygmaea densistriata (Stitz, 1925)
• 千里眼盲切葉蟻 Carebara qianliyan Terayama, 2009
• Carebara raja (Forel, 1902)
• Carebara rara (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
• Carebara rectangulata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
• 直背盲切葉蟻 Carebara rectidorsa (Xu, 2003)
• Carebara reina Fernández, 2004
• 紋頭盲切葉蟻 Carebara reticapita (Xu, 2003)
• Carebara reticulata Fernández, 2004
• Carebara robertsoni (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
• Carebara rothneyi (Forel, 1902)
• Carebara rugata (Forel, 1913)
• 坂本盲切葉蟻 Carebara sakamotoi Terayama, Lin et Eguchi, 2012
• 桑氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara sangi (Eguchi & Bui, 2007)
• Carebara santschii (Weber, 1943)
• Carebara sarasinorum (Emery, 1901)
• Carebara sarita (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993)
• Carebara satana (Karavaiev, 1935)
• 邵氏盲切葉蟻 Carebara sauteri Forel, 1912 邵氏寡家蟻
• Carebara semilaevis (Mayr, 1901)
• Carebara sicheli Mayr, 1862
• 西氏寡家蟻 Carebara silvestrii Santschi,1914 西氏盲切葉蟻
• Carebara simalurensis (Forel, 1915)
• Carebara similis (Mayr, 1862)
• Carebara sinhala（英語：Carebara sinhala） Fischer, Azorsa & Fisher, 2014
• Carebara sodalis (Emery, 1914)
• †Carebara sophiae (Emery, 1891)
• Carebara spinata Bharti & Kumar, 2013
• Carebara stenoptera (Kusnezov, 1952)
• 條紋盲切葉蟻 Carebara striata (Xu, 2003)
• Carebara sublatro (Forel, 1913)
• Carebara subreptor (Emery, 1900)
• 蘇丹盲切葉蟻 Carebara sudanensis (Weber, 1943)
• Carebara sudanica Santschi, 1933
• Carebara sundaica (Forel, 1913)
• Carebara tahitiensis (Wheeler, 1936)
• 大埔盲切葉蟻 Carebara taiponica (Wheeler, 1928)
• Carebara tana Azorsa & Fisher, 2018
• Carebara taprobanae (Forel, 1911)
• Carebara tenua Fernández, 2004
• Carebara termitolestes (Wheeler, 1918)
• Carebara thoracica (Weber, 1950)
• †Carebara thorali (Théobald, 1937)
• Carebara traegaordhi (Santschi, 1914)
• 粗紋盲切葉蟻 Carebara trechideros Zhou et Zheng, 1997
• †Carebara ucrainica (Dlussky & Perkovsky, 2002)
• Carebara ugandana (Santschi, 1923)
• Carebara urichi (Wheeler, 1922)
• 紅盲切葉蟻 Carebara vespillo Wheeler, 1921
• Carebara vidua Smith, 1858
  • Carebara vidua fur Santschi, 1928
• Carebara viehmeyeri (Mann, 1919)
• Carebara villiersi (Bernard, 1953)
• Carebara voeltzkowi (Forel, 1907)
• Carebara vorax (Santschi, 1914)
• Carebara weyeri (Karavaiev, 1930)
• 惠勒盲切葉蟻 Carebara wheeleri (Ettershank, 1966)
• Carebara wroughtonii (Forel, 1902)
• 大和盲切葉蟻 Carebara yamatonis (Terayama, 1996)
• 矢野盲切葉蟻 Carebara yanoi Forel, 1912 矢野寡家蟻
• 增城盲切葉蟻 Carebara zengchengensis (Zhou, Zhao et Jia,2006)