擬星螺屬

擬星螺屬（學名：Bolma）是一個包括有中型到大型海螺的一個屬^[2]，其物種都有鈣質的螺厴，皆為蠑螺科的海洋腹足綱軟體動物^[2]。

擬星螺屬 化石時期：始新世 - 現在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
A Fossil shell of Bolma rugosa from Pliocene of Italy
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
目：	鐘螺目 Trochida
總科：	鐘螺總科 Trochoidea
科：	蠑螺科 Turbinidae
亞科：	蠑螺亞科 Turbininae
屬：	擬星螺屬 Bolma Risso, 1826[1]
模式種
Bolma rugosa Linnaeus, C., 1767
異名
Astralium (Bolma) Risso, 1826 Bolma (Ormastralium) Sacco, 1896 - alternate representation Galeoastraea Habe, 1958 (not available) Hirasazaea Habe, 1958 (not available) † Incilaster Finlay, 1926 † Oobolma Sacco, 1896 † Ormastralium Sacco, 1896 Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908 Senobolma Okutani, 1964 Tubicanthus Swains, 1840 † Tylastralium Sacco, 1896

化石紀錄

本屬物種已知從始新世開始就已經出現到現在（範圍：3390萬年前到現在）。這個物種的化石螺殻曾於以下地區發現^[3]：

• 地中海的：奧地利、塞浦路斯、法國、希臘、意大利、摩洛哥、斯洛伐克及西班牙
• 太平洋的：日本、瓦努阿圖、關島、新西蘭、澳大利亞及湯加。
• 印度洋的：南非

型態特徵

本物種的舌齒的中央齒have no cusps. They have a narrow long basal plate, which is produced above the body of the tooth. The latter is wide, oval, and not reflected above. Its lower margin is not well-defined in my specimens which are, however, not stained. The laterals are of the usual form and bear cusps.

The imperforate shell has a turbinate shape. The spire is conic with whorls rounded at the periphery. The upper whorls are spiny. The base of the shell is convex. The operculum is nearly round with an excentric nucleus. The outside of the shell is polished, concave in the middle, with a convexity or rib upon the center of the spiral.^[4]

分佈

This marine genus has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Red Sea, the Eastern Indian Ocean, the West Pacific, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and off South Africa, Indo-China, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland).

物種

截至2018年3月5日 (2018-03-05)^[update]，本屬現時在WoRMS紀錄有45個物種^[2]：

• Bolma anacanthos Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
• Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902)
• 黃金蠑螺 Bolma aureola (Hedley, 1907)
• Bolma austroconica Beu & Ponder, 1979 †
• Bolma bartschii Dall, 1913
• Bolma bathyraphis (E. A. Smith, 1899)
• 布氏擬星螺 Bolma boucheti Alf & Kreipl, 2011
• Bolma castelinae Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• Bolma crassigranosa (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
• Bolma exotica (Okutani, 1969)
• Bolma flava Beu & Ponder, 1979
• Bolma flindersi (Tenison Woods, 1877) †
• Bolma fuscolineata Alf & Kreipl, 2009
• 雷神星螺 Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861)
• Bolma granosa (Borson, 1821) †
• 細粒蠑螺 Bolma guttata (A. Adams, 1863)
• 榮光星螺 Bolma henica (R. B. Watson, 1879)
• Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
• Bolma johnstoni (Odhner, 1923)
• Bolma kermadecensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
• Bolma kiharai Kosuge, 1986
• Bolma kreipli Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• Bolma maestratii Alf & Kreipl, 2009
• Bolma mainbaza Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• Bolma marshalli (Thomson, 1908) †
• Bolma martinae Kreipl & Alf, 2005
• Bolma massieri Bozzetti, 1992
• Bolma microconcha Kosuge, 1985
• Bolma midwayensis (Habe & Kosuge, 1970)
• Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)
• Bolma minuta Neubert, 1998
• Bolma minutiradiosa Kosuge, 1983
• 塔星螺 Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843)，塔蠑螺
• Bolma myrica Okutani, 2001
• Bolma opaoana Bouchet & Métivier, 1983
• 紅沙蠑螺 Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)
• Bolma pseudobathyraphis Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)
• Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Bolma sabinae Alf & Kreipl, 2004
• Bolma somaliensis Beu & Ponder, 1979
• Bolma tamikoana (Shikama, 1973)
• Bolma tantalea Alf, Maestrati & Bouchet, 2010
• 泰勒氏蠑螺 Bolma tayloriana (E. A. Smith, 1880)
• Bolma venusta (Okutani, 1964)

異名

• Bolma christianeae Nolf, 2005：為Bolma jacquelineae (Marche-Marchad, 1957)的異名。
• Bolma clemenceae Bozzetti, 2010：為Bolma recens (Dell, 1967)的異名。
• Bolma erectospina Kosuge, 1983：為Bolma persica (Dall, 1907)的異名。
• Bolma formosana (Shikama, 1977)：為Bolma millegranosa (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1958)的異名。
• Bolma macandrewii (Mørch, 1868)：為Anadema macandrewii (Mörch, 1868)的異名。
• Bolma sunderlandi Petuch, 1987：為Cantrainea sunderlandi (Petuch, 1987)的異名。

下列物種也列在印度洋-太平洋軟體動物數據庫中^[5]

• 'Bolma (Galeoastraea) asteriola (DALL, 1925)

Bolma persica