超計算

超計算或超圖靈計算可以輸出非圖靈可計算結果的計算模型。例如，一台可以解決停機問題的機器可算作一台超計算機；可以正確推演皮亞諾算術中每一個狀態的機器亦然。

邱奇－圖靈論題指出，任何可以用有限算法以紙筆計算的"可有效計算"函數都能被圖靈機計算。超計算機能計算圖靈機無法計算、即邱奇－圖靈論題中不可計算的的函數。

嚴格說來概率圖靈機的輸出是不可計算的。然而，大多數超計算方向的文獻更關注有用的計算而非隨機、不可計算的函數。

擴展閱讀

• Mario Antoine Aoun, "Advances in Three Hypercomputation Models （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）", (2016)
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• Burgin, M. S. (1983) Inductive Turing Machines, Notices of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, v. 270, No. 6, pp. 1289–1293
• Keith Douglas. Super-Turing Computation: a Case Study Analysis （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） (PDF), M.S. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 2003.
• Mark Burgin (2005), Super-recursive algorithms, Monographs in computer science, Springer. ISBN 0-387-95569-0
• Cockshott, P. and Michaelson, G. Are there new Models of Computation? Reply to Wegner and Eberbach, The computer Journal, 2007
• Cooper, S. B. Definability as hypercomputational effect (PDF). Applied Mathematics and Computation. 2006, 178: 72–82 [2017-12-20]. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2005.09.072. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-24）.
• Cooper, S. B.; Odifreddi, P. Incomputability in Nature. S. B. Cooper and S. S. Goncharov (編). Computability and Models: Perspectives East and West (PDF). Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow. 2003: 137–160 [2017-12-20]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-24）.
• Copeland, J. (2002) Hypercomputation, Minds and machines, v. 12, pp. 461–502
• Davis, Martin (2006), "The Church–Turing Thesis: Consensus and opposition". Proceedings, Computability in Europe 2006. The requested URL /~simon/TEACH/28000/DavisUniversal.pdf was not found on this server. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3988 pp. 125–132
• Hagar, A. and Korolev, A., Quantum Hypercomputation—Hype or Computation? （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, (2007)
• Müller, Vincent C. On the possibilities of hypercomputing supertasks. Minds and Machines. 2011, 21 (1): 83–96 [2017-12-20]. doi:10.1007/s11023-011-9222-6. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-22）.
• Ord, Toby. Hypercomputation: Computing more than the Turing machine can compute （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）: A survey article on various forms of hypercomputation.
• Piccinini, Gualtiero: Computation in Physical Systems （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
• Putz, Volkmar and Karl Svozil, Can a computer be "pushed" to perform faster-than-light? （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, (2010)
• Rogers, H. (1987) Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability, MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts
• Mike Stannett, Mike. X-machines and the halting problem: Building a super-Turing machine. Formal Aspects of Computing. 1990, 2 (1): 331–341. doi:10.1007/BF01888233.
• Mike Stannett, The case for hypercomputation, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Volume 178, Issue 1, 1 July 2006, Pages 8–24, Special Issue on Hypercomputation
• Syropoulos, Apostolos (2008), Hypercomputation: Computing Beyond the Church–Turing Barrier (preview （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）), Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-30886-9
• Turing, Alan. Systems of logic based on ordinals. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1939, 45: 161–228. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161.

外部連結

• Hypercomputation Research Network （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）