2011年航天活動列表

2011年航天活動
	2011年7月21日，美國穿梭機亞特蘭蒂斯號在甘迺迪太空中心着陸，完成了美國穿梭機計劃的最後一次任務。
軌道發射
首次	1月20日
末次	12月28日
總計	84
成功	78
失敗	6
識別碼	80
各國的首次
衛星	萌島
火箭
處女航	天頂-3F; 長2F/G; 擎天神5號541構型
退役	美國穿梭機; 三角洲2重型
載人太空飛行
軌道飛行次數	7
載人太空飛行人數合計	28
艙外活動次數	10
	閱; 論; 編;

2011年的全球航天界發生了許多重大事件，包括2011年7月美國國家航太總署的穿梭機在最後一次飛行後退役，以及9月中國首個太空站原型天宮一號成功發射。2011年共進行84次軌道發射，其中78次成功。俄羅斯、中國和美國完成了全年大部分的軌道發射，分別進行了35次、19次和18次發射；2011年是中國的首次發射次數超過美國的一年。^[1]2011年共有7次載人太空飛行器進入軌道，共將28名太空人送往國際太空站。此外，天頂-3F和長征二號F/G 運載火箭於2011年完成首飛，而三角洲二號重型運載火箭則進行了最後一次飛行。

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日期 (UTC)	太空船	事件	備註
9 January	Mars Express	Flyby of Phobos	Closest approach: 100公里（62英里）. Mars Express made a total of 8 flybys of Phobos at a distance of less than 1,400公里（870英里） between 20 December and 16 January.
9 January	Artemis P1	Spacecraft left LL2 orbit and joined Artemis P2 in LL1 orbit
11 January	Cassini	3rd flyby of Rhea	Closest approach: 76公里（47英里）^[93]
15 February	Stardust (NExT)	Flyby of Tempel 1	Closest approach: 181公里（112英里）. Observed changes since Deep Impact flyby and imaged crater created by Deep Impact impactor, as well as new terrain.
18 February	Cassini	74th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 3,651公里（2,269英里）
18 March	MESSENGER	Hermocentric orbit injection	First artificial satellite of Mercury; elliptical orbit with a periapsis of 200 kilometers (120 mi) and an apoapsis of 15,000 km (9,300 mi).^[94]
19 April	Cassini	75th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 10,053公里（6,247英里）
8 May	Cassini	76th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,873公里（1,164英里）
8 June	Chang'e 2	Departed lunar orbit	Travelled to L2 Lagrangian point, which it reached in August 2011.^[95]
20 June	Cassini	77th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,359公里（844英里）
27 June	Artemis P1	Lunar orbit insertion	Initial orbital parameters were: apogee 3,543公里（2,202英里）, perigee 27,000公里（17,000英里）. Over the following three months, the orbit was lowered to an apogee of 97公里（60英里） and a perigee of 18,000公里（11,000英里）, with an inclination of 20 degrees; retrograde orbit.
16 July	Dawn	Vestiocentric orbit injection	First artificial satellite of 4 Vesta.^[96] Initial orbit was 16,000公里（9,900英里） high and was reduced to 2,700公里（1,700英里） until 11 August.
17 July	Artemis P2	Lunar orbit insertion	Initial orbital parameters were similar to Artemis P1. Over the following three months the orbit was lowered to an apogee of 97公里（60英里） and a perigee of 18,000公里（11,000英里）, with an inclination of 20 degrees; prograde orbit.
25 August	Cassini	Second-closest flyby of Hyperion^[97]	Closest approach: 25,000公里（16,000英里）
12 September	Cassini	78th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 5,821公里（3,617英里）
16 September	Cassini	Flyby of Hyperion	Closest approach: 58,000公里（36,000英里）
1 October	Cassini	14th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 99公里（62英里）
19 October	Cassini	15th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 1,231公里（765英里）
6 November	Cassini	16th flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 496公里（308英里）
12 December	Cassini	3rd flyby of Dione	Closest approach: 99公里（62英里）
13 December	Cassini	79th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 3,586公里（2,228英里）
31 December	GRAIL-A	Lunar orbit insertion	Twin satellite Grail-B's insertion occurred a day later, on 1 January 2012.

開始時間	持續時間	結束時間	太空船	乘組	工作內容
21 January 10:05	5 hours 23 minutes	15:49	Expedition 26 ISS Pirs	Dmitri Kondratyev Oleg Skripochka	Prepared the ISS Poisk module for future dockings.^[98]
16 February 13:15	6 hours 23 minutes	18:15	Expedition 26 ISS Pirs	Dmitri Kondratyev Oleg Skripochka	Installed a radio antenna, deployed a nanosatellite, installed two experiments and retrieved two exposure panels on a third experiment.
28 February 15:46	6 hours 34 minutes	22:20	STS-133 ISS Quest	Stephen Bowen Alvin Drew	Removed a failed coolant pump and routed a power extension cable.
2 March 15:41	6 hours 14 minutes	21:55	STS-133 ISS Quest	Stephen Bowen Alvin Drew	Removed or repaired thermal insulation, swapped out an attachment bracket on the Columbus module, installed a camera assembly on Dextre and installed a light on a cargo cart.
20 May 07:10	6 hours 19 minutes	13:29	STS-134 ISS Quest	Andrew Feustel Gregory Chamitoff	Completed installation of a new set of MISSE experiments, started installing a new wireless video system, installed an ammonia jumper, a new light on the CETA cart on the S3 truss segment, and a cover on the starboard SARJ.
22 May 06:05	8 hours 07 minutes	14:12	STS-134 ISS Quest	Andrew Feustel Michael Fincke	Hooked up a jumper to transfer ammonia to the Port 6 PVTCS, lubricated the SARJ and one of the "hands" on Dextre, and installed a stowage beam on the S1 truss.
25 May 05:43	6 hours 54 minutes	12:37	STS-134 ISS Quest	Andrew Feustel Michael Fincke	Installed PDGF (except for data cable), routed power cables from Unity to Zarya, finished installation of wireless video system, took pictures of Zarya's thrusters and captured infrared video of an experiment in ELC 3.
27 May 04:15	7 hours 24 minutes	11:39	STS-134 ISS Quest	Gregory Chamitoff Mike Fincke	Installed OBSS on S1 truss, removed the EFGF and replaced it with a spare PDGF, and released some torque on the bolts that were holding the spare arm for Dextre down against ELC 3. Final shuttle spacewalk.^[99]
12 July 13:22	6 hours 31 minutes	19:53	Expedition 28 ISS Quest	Ronald Garan Michael Fossum	Moved a failed cooling pump from the station to the shuttle Atlantis, transferred a robotic refuelling apparatus from the shuttle to the ISS, installed a materials science experiment on the station's truss, serviced a robot arm attachment fitting, installed a thermal cover over the unused docking port PMA-3, and fixed a protruding wire on a grapple fixture on the Zarya module.
3 August 14:51	6 hours 22 minutes	21:22	Expedition 28 ISS Pirs	Sergei Volkov Aleksandr Samokutyayev	Launched Kedr satellite, installed BIORISK experiment outside Pirs, and installed laser communication equipment to transmit scientific data from the Russian Orbital Segment.

國家（區域）		發射數	成功數	失敗數	備註
	中國	19	18	1
	歐洲	5	5	0
	印度	3	3	0
	伊朗	1	1	0
	日本	3	3	0
	俄羅斯	29	25	4	包括亞里安空間公司從圭亞那太空中心發射的兩次歐洲聯盟號火箭。福布斯-土壤和螢火一號發射成功，但在停泊軌道發生故障。^[100]
	烏克蘭	6	6	0	包括一枚從海上發射的天頂和一枚從陸地發射的天頂。
	美國	18	17	1
總計		84	78	6

Family	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Remarks
Ariane	歐洲	5	5	0
Atlas	美國	5	5	0
Delta	美國	6	6	0
H-II	日本	3	3	0
Long March	中國	19	18	1
Minotaur	美國	4	3	1
PSLV	印度	3	3	0
R-7	俄羅斯	19	17	2
R-36	烏克蘭	1	1	0
Safir	伊朗	1	1	0
Space Shuttle	美國	3	3	0	Final flight
Universal Rocket	俄羅斯	10	8	2
Zenit	烏克蘭	5	5	0

Rocket	Country	Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Remarks
Ariane 5	歐洲	Ariane	5	5	0
Atlas V	美國	Atlas	5	5	0
Delta II	美國	Delta	3	3	0
Delta IV	美國	Delta	3	3	0
Dnepr	烏克蘭	R-36	1	1	0
H-IIA	日本	H-II	2	2	0
H-IIB	日本	H-II	1	1	0
Long March 2	中國	Long March	7	6	1
Long March 3	中國	Long March	9	9	0
Long March 4	中國	Long March	3	3	0
Minotaur I	美國	Minotaur	2	2	0
Minotaur IV	美國	Minotaur	1	1	0
PSLV	印度	PSLV	3	3	0
Proton	俄羅斯	Universal Rocket	9	8	1
Safir	伊朗	Safir	1	1	0
Soyuz	俄羅斯	R-7	10	9	1
Soyuz-2	俄羅斯	R-7	9	8	1
Space Shuttle	美國	Space Shuttle	3	3	0	Final flight
UR-100	俄羅斯	Universal Rocket	1	0	1
Taurus	美國	Minotaur	1	0	1
Zenit	烏克蘭	Zenit	5	5	0

2011年航天活動列表

軌道級航天活動概述

載人太空飛行

無人探測

發射失敗

軌道發射

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February

March

April

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軌道發射統計

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參考

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2011年航天活動列表

航天年表 ← 2010 2012 →

發射時間 (UTC)	運載火箭		火箭編號	發射場		發射服務提供商（英語：List of launch service providers）
		載荷 (⚀ = 立方星)	載荷用戶	軌道	功能	再入時間 (UTC)	結果
	附註
22 January 06:10^[77]	Terrier-Oriole			Wallops Island		MDA

		Aegis Radar Test	MDA	Suborbital	Radar target	22 January	Successful
	Aegis Radar target, not intercepted, Apogee: 100公里（62英里）
28 January 10:46:00^[78]	Black Brant IX			Poker Flat		NASA

		FIRE	Colorado	Suborbital	Astronomy	28 January	Spacecraft failure^[78]
5 February 08:11:11^[78]	Black Brant IX			Poker Flat		NASA

		Polar NOx	VPI	Suborbital	Geospace	5 February	Spacecraft failure^[78]
February^[77]	Shahab-3					IRGC

			IGRC	Suborbital	Missile test	February	Successful
	Two missiles with a range of 1,900 kilometres were fired into the Indian Ocean prior to 19 February^{[來源請求]}
February^[77]	Sejjil-2					IRGC

			IGRC	Suborbital	Missile test	February	Successful
	Two missiles with a range of 1,900 kilometres were fired into the Indian Ocean prior to 19 February^{[來源請求]}
1 March 21:00^[77]	UGM-133 Trident II D5			「Nevada」號SSBN-733 (6), Pacific Ocean		US Navy

			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	1 March	Successful
	Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 22 (DASO-22)
2 March 13:40^[77]	Juno			Fort Wingate LC-96		U.S. Army

			U.S. Army	Suborbital	Target	2 March	Successful
	Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted
9 March^[77]	Terrier-Oriole			Kauai		MDA

		ARAV-B	MDA	Suborbital	Radar target	9 March	Successful
	Tracked by STSS satellites
11 March	Dhanush			Sea launch from Indian Ocean		DRDO

			DRDO	Suborbital	Target	11 March	Successful
	Apogee: 100公里（62英里）
11 March	Prithvi II			Integrated Test Range IC-3		DRDO

			DRDO	Suborbital	Missile test	11 March	Successful
	Apogee: 100公里（62英里）

Site	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures
Baikonur	哈薩克	25	23	2
Cape Canaveral	美國	7	7	0
Dombarovsky	俄羅斯	1	1	0
Kourou	法國	7	7	0
Jiuquan	中國	6	5	1
Kennedy Space Center	美國	3	3	0
Kodiak	美國	1	1	0
MARS	美國	1	1	0
Ocean Odyssey	International waters	1	1	0
Plesetsk	俄羅斯	6	4	2
Satish Dhawan	印度	3	3	0
Semnan	伊朗	1	1	0
Tanegashima	日本	3	3	0
Taiyuan	中國	4	4	0
Vandenberg	美國	6	5	1
Xichang	中國	9	9	0
Total		84	78	6

Orbital regime	Launches	Successes	Failures	Accidentally achieved	Remarks
Transatmospheric	0	0	0	0
Low Earth	44	40	4	0	14 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1
Medium Earth / Molniya	8	7	1	0
Geosynchronous / GTO	27	26	1	1
High Earth / Lunar transfer	3	3	0	0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer	2	2	0	0
Total	84	78	6	1