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tempus

来自维基词典，自由的词典

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參見：Tempus

芬蘭語

名詞

tempus

  1. (語言學，舊) 時態

變格

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近義詞

拉丁語

發音

詞源1

  • 源自原始印歐語 *tempos (「伸長」)，源自詞根*temp- (「伸長」)，參見templum (「聖地」)、tempora。語義變化可能是「伸長的」 → 「（時間）延長的」 → 「時間，場合」。
  • 或源自原始印歐語 *temh₁- (「切，割」)。參見拉丁語 temnō、tondeō、templum、古希臘語 τέμνω (témnō)。詞源發展對比英語time。
  • 從副詞形temperī來看，本詞的變格形可能最初類似genus。

名詞

tempus n (屬格 temporis)；第三類變格

  1. (書面) 時間，時節
    ad/in tempus ― 暫時
    tempus diurnum ― 白天
    • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon III.284:
      sed fvgit intereā fvgit inreparābile tempvs
      但同時，它流逝了，流逝了……這無法挽回的時間。
    • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.220:
      Cur anni tempora morbos adportant?
      為何一年四季總會帶給人悲傷？
    1. (特指) 期間
      • 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessions 4:
        per īdem tempus annōrum novem, ab ūndēvīcēnsimō annō aetātis meae ūsque ad duodētrīcēnsimum, sēdūcēbāmur et sēdūcēbāmus
        在從我19歲到28歲的這9年間，我誤入歧途，並帶領其他人跟隨我。
  2. (轉義)：
    1. (書面)：
      1. (統稱) 時間
      2. (特指) 契機，機會
        in tempore ― 正好
        ad tempus venīre ― 正好來到
        ante tempus ― 太早 (字面意思是「比正好的時間早」)
    2. (轉義):
      1. (用複數) 情況，狀況
        prō tempore ― 根據情況
      2. (詩歌，修辭) 數量
      3. (語法) 時態
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變格

第三類變格名詞 (neuter，imparisyllabic non-i-stem)。

更多資訊 單數, 複數 ...
派生詞
派生語彙
  • 盎格魯-諾曼語: tens
  • 阿斯圖里亞斯語: tiempu
  • 巴斯克語: denbora
  • 達爾馬提亞語: tiamp
  • 英語: tense
  • 弗留利語: timp
  • → 加利西亞語: tempo
  • 伊斯特拉語: tenpo
  • → 意大利語: tempo
    • → 書面挪威語: tempo
  • 那不勒斯語: tiempo
  • 書面挪威語: tempus
  • 拉登語: tëmp
  • → 帕皮阿門托語: tempo
  • 古法語: temps
  • 古奧克語: tems
  • → 皮埃蒙特語: temp
  • → 葡萄牙語: tempo
  • 羅馬尼亞語: timp
  • → 羅曼什語: temp
  • 俄語: темп (temp)
  • → 撒丁語: tempus
  • 西西里語: tempu
  • 西班牙語: tiempo
  • → 瑞典語: tempus
  • 威尼斯語: tenpo, tènp
  • 威爾士語: tymor
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詞源2

源自詞源1。參見古英語 þunwang (「顳」)、中古高地德語 tinne、tinge (「額頭，顳」)。

較少用單數形，參見古希臘語τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaírĭă)。

名詞

tempus n (屬格 temporis)；第三類變格

  1. (用複數，解剖學) 顳
  2. (詩歌，轉義) 臉；頭
變格

第三類變格名詞 (neuter，imparisyllabic non-i-stem)。

更多資訊 單數, 複數 ...
派生語彙

詞源3

源自詞源1。

名詞

tempus n (屬格 temporis)；第三類變格

  1. (中世紀拉丁語，罕) 天氣
變格

第三類變格名詞 (neuter，imparisyllabic non-i-stem)。

更多資訊 單數, 複數 ...
派生語彙

參考資料

  • tempus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
  • 「tempus」, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891年) An Elementary Latin Dictionary，New York：Harper & Brothers
  • tempus在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • tempus在Gaffiot, Félix (1934年) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典)，Hachette中的內容
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894年) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1]，London：Macmillan and Co.
    • to be separated by an immense interval of space and time: intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse
    • time passes: tempus praeterit, transit
    • to have time for a thing: tempus habere alicui rei
    • I have no time to do something: tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum
    • to pass one's time in doing something: tempus consumere in aliqua re
    • to waste time on something: tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re
    • to employ one's time in..: tempus conferre ad aliquid
    • to devote time to anything: tempus tribuere alicui rei
    • to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
    • to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
    • to spend time: tempus ducere
    • to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
    • to require, give, take time for deliberation: tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere
    • to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
    • since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence): ex quo tempore or simply ex quo
    • at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
    • occasions arise for..: incidunt tempora, cum
    • circumstances demand: tempus (ita) fert (not secum)
    • it is high time that..: tempus maximum est, ut
    • the present day: haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria
    • in our time; in our days: his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus
    • in the time of Pericles: aetate (temporibus) Periclis
    • in old days, in the olden time: antiquis temporibus
    • the imperial epoch: tempora Caesariana
    • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
    • in process of time: tempore progrediente
    • at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
    • at this moment: hoc tempore
    • in an instant: puncto temporis
    • at the important moment: momento temporis
    • just at the critical moment: in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis
    • on the spur of the moment: temporis causa
    • to be there at a given time: ad tempus adesse
    • for a short time: ad exiguum tempus
    • for a short time: brevis or exigui temporis
    • after some time: spatio temporis intermisso
    • at present; for the moment: in praesentia, in praesens (tempus)
    • the spirit of the times, the fashion: saeculi consuetudo or ratio atque inclinatio temporis (temporum)
    • the succession of the four seasons: commutationes temporum quadripartitae
    • in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
    • the charms of spring: suavitas verni temporis
    • morning, noon, evening, night: tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum
    • the morning hours: tempora matutina
    • to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning): vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere
    • the last stage of life, one's last days: extremum tempus aetatis
    • under such unfavourable circumstances: in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate
    • according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
    • according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
    • not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
    • to spend one's leisure hours on an object: otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re
    • to devote all one's leisure moments to study: omne (otiosum) tempus in litteris consumere
    • the history of our own times; contemporary history: memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum)
    • universal history: omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria
    • to consult history: memoriam annalium or temporum replicare
    • the mythical period, the heroic age: tempora heroica (N. D. 3. 21. 54)
    • to go back to the remote ages: repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus
    • chronology: temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo
    • to observe the chronological order of events: temporum ordinem servare
    • to observe the chronological order of events: servare et notare tempora
    • to narrate events in the order of their occurrence: res temporum ordine servato narrare
    • to make a chronological mistake: temporibus errare (Phil. 2. 9. 23)
    • to calculate the date of an event: ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare
    • to be exact in calculating dates: diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus
    • to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere

拉脫維亞語

名詞

tempus m

  1. temps的賓格複數形

新挪威語

詞源

源自拉丁語 tempus (「時間」)。tempo 的同源對似詞。

發音

名詞

tempus n (定單數 tempuset，不定複數 tempus，定複數 tempusa)

  1. (語言學，語法) 時態

變格

更多資訊 單數, 複數 ...
  • 以斜體標記的形式目前被視為非標準用法。
  • [方括號]內的形式為官方標準，但被認為是次要的。

參考資料

撒丁語

詞源

源自拉丁語 tempus，源自原始印歐語 *tempos (「拉長」)，源自詞根*temp- (「拉長」)。

發音

名詞

tempus m (複數 tempos)

  1. (可數，不可數) 時間
  2. (不可數) 天氣

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