venio

拉丁語

詞源

源自原始意大利語 *gʷenjō，源自原始印歐語 *gʷm̥yéti，源自*gʷem-的zero-grade形式 + *‑yéti。同源詞有梵語 गच्छति (gácchati)、古希臘語 βαίνω (baínō)和古英語 cuman （英語 come）。

發音

• (古典拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): [ˈwɛ.nɪ.oː]
• (教會拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): [ˈvɛː.ni.o]

• （古典）音頻：

  (檔案)

動詞

veniō (現在不定式 venīre，完成主動式 vēnī，目的動名詞 ventum)；第四類變位、被動語態為無人稱

1. (不及物) 來
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.91-92:

     ‘exul ab Arcadiā Latiōs Evander in agrōs
     vēnerat, impositōs attuleratque deōs.’

2. (不及物) 接近

變位

    veniō (第四類變位, 被動語態為無人稱)的變位

直陳語氣		單數						複數
		第一人稱		第二人稱		第三人稱		第一人稱		第二人稱		第三人稱
主動	現在時	veniō		venīs		venit		venīmus		venītis		veniunt
	未完成過去時	veniēbam		veniēbās		veniēbat		veniēbāmus		veniēbātis		veniēbant
	將來時	veniam		veniēs		veniet		veniēmus		veniētis		venient
	完成時	vēnī		vēnistī		vēnit		vēnimus		vēnistis		vēnērunt, vēnēre
	過去完成時	vēneram		vēnerās		vēnerat		vēnerāmus		vēnerātis		vēnerant
	將來完成時	vēnerō		vēneris		vēnerit		vēnerimus		vēneritis		vēnerint
被動	現在時	—		—		venītur		—		—		—
	未完成過去時	—		—		veniēbātur		—		—		—
	將來時	—		—		veniētur		—		—		—
	完成時	—		—		ventum est		—		—		—
	過去完成時	—		—		ventum erat		—		—		—
	將來完成時	—		—		ventum erit		—		—		—
假設語氣		單數						複數
		第一人稱		第二人稱		第三人稱		第一人稱		第二人稱		第三人稱
主動	現在時	veniam		veniās		veniat		veniāmus		veniātis		veniant
	未完成過去時	venīrem		venīrēs		venīret		venīrēmus		venīrētis		venīrent
	完成時	vēnerim		vēnerīs		vēnerit		vēnerīmus		vēnerītis		vēnerint
	過去完成時	vēnissem		vēnissēs		vēnisset		vēnissēmus		vēnissētis		vēnissent
被動	現在時	—		—		veniātur		—		—		—
	未完成過去時	—		—		venīrētur		—		—		—
	完成時	—		—		ventum sit		—		—		—
	過去完成時	—		—		ventum esset		—		—		—
祈使語氣		單數						複數
		第一人稱		第二人稱		第三人稱		第一人稱		第二人稱		第三人稱
主動	現在時	—		venī		—		—		venīte		—
	將來時	—		venītō		venītō		—		venītōte		veniuntō
被動	將來時	—		—		venītor		—		—		—
非定形		不定式						分詞
		主動			被動			主動			被動
現在時		venīre			venīrī			veniēns			—
將來時		ventūrum esse			ventum īrī			ventūrus			veniendum, veniundum
完成時		vēnisse			ventum esse			—			ventum
將來完成時		—			ventum fore			—			—
完成可能式		ventūrum fuisse			—			—			—
動詞性名詞		動名詞								目的分詞
		屬格		與格		賓格		奪格		賓格		奪格
		veniendī		veniendō		veniendum		veniendō		ventum		ventū

衍生詞彙

• adinveniō
• adveniō
• anteveniō
• circumveniō
• contrāveniō
• conveniō
• dēveniō
• disconveniō
• ēveniō
• interveniō
• inveniō
• obveniō
• perveniō
• praeveniō
• prōveniō
• reveniō
• subveniō
• superveniō
• trānsveniō
• venīlia
• ventiō
• ventitō
• ventō

相關詞彙

• adventus
• eventus
• interventus
• inventus
• praeventus
• subventus

派生語彙

• 巴爾幹羅曼語：
  • 阿羅馬尼亞語: vin
  • 羅馬尼亞語: veni
• 達爾馬提亞語：
  • venur
• 意大利-羅曼語支
  • 科西嘉語: vena
  • 意大利語: venire
  • 那不勒斯語: venì
  • 西西里語: vèniri
• 北意大利語支：
  • 弗留利語: vignî
  • 伊斯特拉語: vignì
  • 拉登語: vegnì，gnì
  • 皮埃蒙特語: vene，ven-e，vnì
  • 羅曼什語: vegnir，vagnir，neir，gnir
  • 威尼斯語: vegner
• 高盧-羅曼語支：
  • 加泰羅尼亞語: venir
  • 法蘭克-普羅旺斯語: venir
  • 古法語: venir
  • 奧克語: venir
• 伊比利亞羅曼語支：
  • 阿拉貢語: venir
  • 莫札拉布語: ברנאד (brnʔd)，בניד (bnyd)，באן (bʔn)
  • 古萊昂語: [具體何詞?]
    • 阿斯圖里亞斯語: venir
    • 埃斯特雷馬杜拉語: venil
    • 萊昂語: venire
    • 米蘭德斯語: benir
  • 古葡萄牙語: vĩir
  • 中世紀西班牙語: venir
• 海島羅曼語支：
  • 撒丁語: bènnere，benni，bènniri，vènnere
• 古借詞：
  • → 古阿爾巴尼亞語: vinj、venj (現在時形式)
    • 阿爾巴尼亞語: vij
• 後來借詞：
  • → 英語: venire

參考資料

• venio in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• 「venio」, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891年) An Elementary Latin Dictionary，New York：Harper & Brothers
• venio在Gaffiot, Félix (1934年) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典)，Hachette中的內容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894年) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1]，London：Macmillan and Co.
  • something comes into my mind: mihi in mentem venit alicuius rei
    
  • to pass from myth to history: ut a fabulis ad facta veniamus
    
  • the question has been settled: quaestio ad exitum venit
    
  • to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid in religionem alicui venit
    
  • I have received a legacy from a person: hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10)
    
  • an interregnum ensues: res ad interregnum venit or adducitur
    
  • matters have reached the fighting-stage: res ad arma venit
    
  • the fighting is now at close quarters: res ad manus venit
    
  • （模糊）to come to Rome: Romam venire, pervenire
    
  • （模糊）to go to meet some one: obviam venire alicui
    
  • （模糊）to come into some one's hands: in alicuius manus venire, pervenire
    
  • （模糊）to come in sight: venire in conspectum alicuius
    
  • （模糊）to come to assist any one: auxilio alicui venire
    
  • （模糊）to gain a person's esteem, friendship: in gratiam alicuius venire
    
  • （模糊）to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed: in vituperationem, reprehensionem cadere, incidere, venire
    
  • （模糊）to be a subject for gossip: in sermonem hominum venire
    
  • （模糊）to become famous, distinguish oneself: gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire
    
  • （模糊）to become doubtful: in dubium venire
    
  • （模糊）to make a person forget a thing: aliquem in oblivionem alicuius rei adducere (pass. in oblivionem venire)
    
  • （模糊）to be contested, become the subject of debate: in controversiam vocari, adduci, venire (De Or. 2. 72. 291)
    
  • （模糊）to come before the tribunal of the critics: in existimantium arbitrium venire (Brut. 24. 92)
    
  • （模糊）to pass into a proverb: in proverbii consuetudinem or simply in proverbium venire
    
  • （模糊）to become frightened: in timorem venire, pervenire
    
  • （模糊）to conceive a hope: in spem venire, ingredi, adduci
    
  • （模糊）to pardon some one: alicui veniam dare (alicuius rei)
    
  • （模糊）to be suspected by some one: in suspicionem alicui venire
    
  • （模糊）to incur a person's hatred: in odium, in invidiam venire alicui
    
  • （模糊）to come into the possession of something: in possessionem alicuius rei venire
    
  • （模糊）to obtain an audience of some one: in congressum alicuius venire
    
  • （模糊）to become customary, the fashion: in consuetudinem or morem venire
    
  • （模糊）to strive to gain popular favour by certain means: ventum popularem quendam (in aliqua re) quaerere
    
  • （模糊）to appear in court: in iudicium venire, in iudicio adesse
    
  • （模糊）to pardon a person: veniam dare alicui
    
  • （模糊）to come within javelin-range: ad teli coniectum venire (Liv. 2. 31)
    
  • （模糊）to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: populum in deditionem venire cogere
    
  • （模糊）to make one's submission to some one: in deditionem venire (without alicui)
    
  • （模糊）the ships sail out on a fair wind: ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt
    

延伸閱讀

• venio in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894年) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2]，London：Macmillan and Co.
  • something comes into my mind: mihi in mentem venit alicuius rei
    
  • to pass from myth to history: ut a fabulis ad facta veniamus
    
  • the question has been settled: quaestio ad exitum venit
    
  • to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing: aliquid in religionem alicui venit
    
  • I have received a legacy from a person: hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10)
    
  • an interregnum ensues: res ad interregnum venit or adducitur
    
  • matters have reached the fighting-stage: res ad arma venit
    
  • the fighting is now at close quarters: res ad manus venit
    
  • （模糊）to come to Rome: Romam venire, pervenire
    
  • （模糊）to go to meet some one: obviam venire alicui
    
  • （模糊）to come into some one's hands: in alicuius manus venire, pervenire
    
  • （模糊）to come in sight: venire in conspectum alicuius
    
  • （模糊）to come to assist any one: auxilio alicui venire
    
  • （模糊）to gain a person's esteem, friendship: in gratiam alicuius venire
    
  • （模糊）to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed: in vituperationem, reprehensionem cadere, incidere, venire
    
  • （模糊）to be a subject for gossip: in sermonem hominum venire
    
  • （模糊）to become famous, distinguish oneself: gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire
    
  • （模糊）to become doubtful: in dubium venire
    
  • （模糊）to make a person forget a thing: aliquem in oblivionem alicuius rei adducere (pass. in oblivionem venire)
    
  • （模糊）to be contested, become the subject of debate: in controversiam vocari, adduci, venire (De Or. 2. 72. 291)
    
  • （模糊）to come before the tribunal of the critics: in existimantium arbitrium venire (Brut. 24. 92)
    
  • （模糊）to pass into a proverb: in proverbii consuetudinem or simply in proverbium venire
    
  • （模糊）to become frightened: in timorem venire, pervenire
    
  • （模糊）to conceive a hope: in spem venire, ingredi, adduci
    
  • （模糊）to pardon some one: alicui veniam dare (alicuius rei)
    
  • （模糊）to be suspected by some one: in suspicionem alicui venire
    
  • （模糊）to incur a person's hatred: in odium, in invidiam venire alicui
    
  • （模糊）to come into the possession of something: in possessionem alicuius rei venire
    
  • （模糊）to obtain an audience of some one: in congressum alicuius venire
    
  • （模糊）to become customary, the fashion: in consuetudinem or morem venire
    
  • （模糊）to strive to gain popular favour by certain means: ventum popularem quendam (in aliqua re) quaerere
    
  • （模糊）to appear in court: in iudicium venire, in iudicio adesse
    
  • （模糊）to pardon a person: veniam dare alicui
    
  • （模糊）to come within javelin-range: ad teli coniectum venire (Liv. 2. 31)
    
  • （模糊）to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: populum in deditionem venire cogere
    
  • （模糊）to make one's submission to some one: in deditionem venire (without alicui)
    
  • （模糊）the ships sail out on a fair wind: ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt